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Beyond Our Solar System

Beyond Our Solar System. Ch. 25. star : a body of gases that gives off a tremendous amount of radiant energy in the form of light and heat. Star Groups. constellations : a group of stars that form a pattern in the sky (88 different ones). Orion. Ursa Minor. Ursa Major.

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Beyond Our Solar System

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  1. Beyond OurSolar System Ch. 25

  2. star: a body of gases that gives off a tremendous amount of radiant energy in the form of light and heat

  3. Star Groups • constellations: a group of stars that form a pattern in the sky (88 different ones)

  4. Orion

  5. Ursa Minor Ursa Major

  6. Composition and Temperature • stars differ in size, density, mass, and composition

  7. color of a star depends on its surface temperature • hot stars areblue(average surface temperature 35,000 K) • cool stars arered(average surface temperature 3,000 K) • our sun isyellow(average surface temperature 5,500 K)

  8. Parallax • the slight shifting of the apparent position of a star due to the orbital motion of Earth. • the nearest stars have the largest parallax angles, while those of distant stars are too small to measure.

  9. Original Photo Photo taken 6 months later

  10. Distance to Stars • light-year: the distance light can travel in one year (9.5 trillion km) • it takes 8 minutes for the sun’s light to reach Earth • closest other star- Alpha Centauri (4.3 l.y.a)

  11. Motion • actual motion: must be measured only with a telescope • apparent motion: motion due to the Earth’s movement

  12. Stellar Magnitudes • apparent magnitude: how bright a star appears from Earth- the lower the number, the brighter the object • absolute magnitude: how bright a star really is

  13. Distance, Apparent Magnitude, and Absolute Magnitude of Some Stars

  14. Life Cycle of a Star

  15. nebula: a cloud of gas and dust

  16. protostar: shrinking, spinning, glowing nebula (temperature rises)

  17. Nuclear fusion begins- a star forms!

  18. main sequence star: longest stage of life cycle- nuclear fusion releases energy

  19. red giant: very large, cool bright stars- starts when hydrogen is used up- star cools and outer layers expand- size is 10x’s bigger than our sun- this is next stage of our sun!

  20. white dwarf: small, hot, dim star- outer gases are lost and only core remains

  21. supergiant: extremely large, cool giant stars- very bright- 100 x’s larger than the sun

  22. supernova: star that blows apart with a tremendous explosion- occurs in very massive stars

  23. neutron star: collapsed core of a supernova- dense ball of neutrons

  24. black hole: hole in space with gravity so great that not even light escapes- formed from collapsed supernova

  25. Classification of Stars H-R Diagram: graph plotting surface temperature and absolute magnitude of each star

  26. galaxies: large scale groups of stars held together by gravity • there are 50 billion-1 trillion galaxies • we are in the Milky Way galaxy

  27. Images of the Milky Way Galaxy

  28. Types of Galaxies • spiral: bright center of stars with arms spiraling out • Milky Way is a spiral

  29. Andromeda Galaxy

  30. Structure of the Milky Way

  31. barred spiral: have a group of stars making a bar through the center

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