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Minerals

Minerals . Pre-Assessment. 1. The two most abundant elements in common minerals are A . calcium & manganese B. silicon & oxygen C. iron & magnesium D. carbon & potassium. Answer. B. 2. The heft or relative weight of a mineral sample is directly related to the mineral's

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Minerals

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  1. Minerals

  2. Pre-Assessment 1. The two most abundant elements in common minerals are A. calcium & manganeseB. silicon & oxygenC. iron & magnesiumD. carbon & potassium

  3. Answer B

  4. 2. The heft or relative weight of a mineral sample is directly related to the mineral's A. lusterB. cleavageC. densityD. hardness

  5. Answer C

  6. 3. A mineral that splits into even sheets shows which of the following properties? A.perfect fractureB. consistent streakC. good cleavageD. triclinic crystal shape

  7. Answer C

  8. 4. Which of the following follows ALL the rules of being a true mineral? A. coalB. concreteC. steelD. quartz

  9. Answer D

  10. Do you Know Any Examples of Minerals we SEE or USE everyday? ?

  11. Ex: Salt Ex: Graphite Ex: Talc Ex: Gypsum

  12. What Determines a Mineral?

  13. What defines a Mineral? • Minerals must be naturally occurring which means they are formed by nature, not by man • Minerals must be solid • Minerals must have an orderly crystal structure which means that atoms always have the same chemical arrangement • Minerals have a definite chemical composition which means they are always made of the same elements • Minerals are generally inorganic which means they are not made by living things (this gets tricky with the mineral Calcite)

  14. Salt is consistently made of two elements: Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl) and because of this, it has a specific chemical structure. This structure can then be seen in the large pieces of salt below.

  15. How do Minerals Form? The 4 main processes by which minerals form: 1. Crystallization from Magma 2. Precipitation 3. Changes in Pressure and Temperature 4. Hydrothermal Solutions (leave some room under each example for explanations)

  16. Crystallization from Magma • Magma is molten rock deep within Earth; as it cools elements combine to form minerals • Examples of minerals formed under these conditions include feldspar, quartz, muscovite, and hornblende

  17. Precipitation • There are lots of dissolved substances in Earth’s rivers, lakes, ponds, and oceans • Whenwater evaporates, then the dissolved substances combine to form minerals Stalactites and Stalagmites Calcite

  18. Changes in Pressure & Temperature • When existing minerals are put under intense heat and pressure (usually b/c they are deep within the Earth) they can form new minerals ** Basically, the heat and pressure makes the old mineral unstable so it can rearrange and reassemble its chemical bonds, this makes a new mineral Ex: talc and muscovite

  19. Hydrothermal Solutions • Very hot mixture of water and dissolved substances (temperatures usually 100°C - 300°C) • When hot mixture comes into contact with minerals, chemical reactions take place and form new minerals Bornite Chalcopyrite

  20. Today we will be doing a DENSITY Lab, so let’s learn/review the concept:

  21. Density Density compares the mass of an object to its volume D = __Mass_(g)__ Volume (cm3)

  22. Mass = the amount of matter in an objectUnit for Mass is grams. (g)

  23. Volume = the amount of space a (3 D) object takes upUnits forVolume are mL or cm3

  24. For people who don’t like Math!

  25. When finding Mass: • Unit = grams (g) • Use a Triple Beam Balance

  26. Reading a Triple Beam Balance

  27. What about the volume of this?

  28. You don’t need a ruler but a graduated cylinder for the volume of liquids or irregular solids.

  29. Read the Meniscus on the graduated cylinder below:

  30. What is the Volume of the Rock?

  31. Any Questions? ?

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