Geography

3. Geography Pre-Unit Review U.S. History

4. Lesson Overview • Review Geographic Concepts • The Landscape of America • Themes of Geography • Map Basics • Physical Geography of the US • Human Geography • Review of Key Terms • Class Activity • Review of the Five Themes of Geography

5. The Landscape of America • Geography is more than the study of the land and its people. **It also involves the relationship between people and their environment. The United States • Geography: derived from ancient Greek. Geomeaning “earth” and Graphia meaning a “way of writing, drawing or describing”

6. Regions of the U.S. Just an example, Look at page 2 & 3 in your book

7. You are Here Themes of Geography • Place: “What is it like?” • Refers to physical and human factors that make one place different from another. • Physical factors: plants, animals, weather, natural features, physical setting. • Human factors: Cultural diversity and the things people create such as, language, arts, architecture. • Location: “Where am I?” • Absolute location • Use coordinates of Longitude and Latitude to determine location. For example, if you are in Boston, absolute location is approximately 42° north latitude and 71° west longitude. • Relative location– I live 2 miles east of the St.Johns River

8. Movement: the shifting of people, goods, and ideas from one place to another. • Airports, shipping centers, trains Human Movement Information movement • Human-Environment Interaction: the way people interact with the environment around them. • Things like building a dam, or levees. • People have had to invent ways to protect themselves from extreme weather and natural disaster. • What innovations have people made to protect themselves from extreme weather or natural disasters? • Region:defined by certain characteristics that set it apart from another area. • Characteristics might include political division, climate, language, or religion. • What characteristics does Jacksonville share with nearby cities/towns?

9. Map Basics • Types of maps • Physical Maps- show terrain like mountains, hills, plains, rivers, lakes, oceans, and other physical features of an area. • Political Maps- show political units like, countries, states, provinces, counties, districts, and towns. • Historical Maps- illustrate things like economic activity, migrations, battles and changing national boundaries.

10. Physical Map  Historical Map Political Map 

11. Reading a Map Lines- indicate political boundaries, roads and highways, human movement, and rivers and other waterways b) Symbols- represent such items as capital cities, battle sites, or economic activities c) Labels- words or phrases that explain various items or activities d) Compass Rose- Directions e) Scale- ratio btwn unit of length on a map vs. the unit of distance on the earth f) Colors- various info like population density, or growth of a country g) Legend/Key- Explains symbols, lines and colors on a map h) Lines of Longitude and Latitude- form a grid to indicate an areas location on the globe

12. Turn to page 8-9 in your textbooks. We are going to review these map concepts together.

13. Physical Geography of the United States • Land: • 3,717,796 square miles that span the entire width of North America. • Several types of bodies of water: Rivers, Lakes, and Oceans • 20% of the United States is farmed. • Urban areas cover only about 2% of the country. • Resources: • Coal, oil, and natural gas lie underneath American soil. • Lead, zinc, uranium, gold and silver deposits. • Look at the map on page 11 to examine the nations the Nation’s natural resources.

14. Climate: • The US has a variety of climates. • Most of the US experience a continental climate, or a distinct change of seasons. • **Look at the map on page 12 to see the various climates throughout the country. • Vegetation: • Between 20,000 and 25,000 species and subspecies of plants and vegetation across the US. • Over 1,000 different types of trees. • Climate dictates vegetation. • Climate directly affects the types of planted crops throughout the country. • Midwest temperate climate supports wheat, while warm weather of Florida and California allows citrus to be grown.

15. Human Geography of the United States • **Humans Adapt to Their Surroundings • Evidence beginning with Native Americans adapting to the environment. • Humans still adapt today • Building dams, bridges and tunnels. • Inventing and creating materials to withstand natural disasters like earthquakes and hurricanes. • Adapting to the environment by wearing clothes suitable for the weather. • Humans Affect the Environment • Oil spills, Urban Sprawl, Deforestation (Page 17) • Exxon Valdez in the Prince William Sound, AK 1989. • Can you think of a recent event that reflects how humans can affect the environment?

16. Human Movement • Reasons for people to relocate: cost of living, job availability, climate, population. • Look at the map on page 18. • The spread of ideas an information • Human movement • Technology • How has the internet and technology affected your life? • Preserving and Restoring • Conservation • Technological advances • Recycling • Can you think of some examples of how humans have tried to preserve or restore the environment we live in? • What are some of the ways you help the environment?

17. Your Assignment • Describe you and your family using the Five Themes of Geography • Make sure you use every theme (Hint you have an atlas in the back of your textbook)