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Chapter 10 Section 5 Get book and Open to page 388. Anticipatory Set. Reproduction in Seed Plants. Big Idea. California Standards. Science Standard 7.2.a: Students know the differences between the life cycle and reproduction methods of sexual and asexual organisms.
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Reproduction in Seed Plants Big Idea
California Standards Science Standard 7.2.a: Students know the differences between the life cycle and reproduction methods of sexual and asexual organisms. Science Standard 7.5.f: Students know the structures and processes by which flowering plants generate pollen, ovules, seeds, and fruit. • Characteristics of gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Input • Gymnosperm – a seed plant that produces naked seeds. • Cones – gymnosperms reproductive structures. • Ovule – a structure that contains an ovum, or egg cell. • Angiosperm – a flowering plant. • Flower – the reproductive structure of an angiosperm.
Input • Petals – The most colorful parts of the flower. • Pollination – the transfer of pollen from a male reproductive structure to a female reproductive structure.
Input • Ovary – protects the seeds as they develop. • Fruit – a ripened ovary and other structures that enclose one or more seeds. • Monocots – angiosperms that have only one seed leaf. • Dicots – angiosperms that have two seed leaves.
InputGymnosperms • All gymnosperms produce naked seeds. Many gymnosperms have needle-like or scalelike leaves, and deep growing root systems. • Gymnosperms produce seeds that are not enclosed by fruits. • Gymnosperms are the oldest type of seed plants. (first appeared on earth about 360 million years ago. • Only four groups of gymnosperms exist today. (cycads, conifers, ginkgoes, and gnetophytes)
InputTypes of Gymnosperms • Cycads • 175 million years ago, the majority of plants were cycads • Grow mainly in the tropical and subtropical areas • Look like palm trees with cones, and cones can grow as large a a football • Conifers • The largest and most diverse group of gymnosperms today. • They are cone bearing • Keep their leaves/needles all year long • Pines, sequoias, and junipers
InputTypes of Gymnosperms • Ginkgoes • Only one species exist today (ginkobiloba) • Plantedalong city streets because they can tolerate air pollution • Gnetophytes • Live in hot deserts and tropical rainforests. • Consists of trees, shrubs and vines
Input Gymnosperm Life Cycle • Most gymnosperms have reproductive structures called cones. • Most gymnosperms produce two types of cones. Male cones and female cones. • Male cones produce tiny grains of pollen- the male gametophyte. The pollen contains the cells that later become sperm cells • Each scale on a male cone produces thousands of pollen grains.
Input Gymnosperm Life Cycle • The female gametophyte develops in structures called ovules. • Female cones contain at least one ovule at the base of each scale. After fertilization occurs the ovule develops into a seed. • Pollen falls from a male cone onto a female cone. A sperm cell and egg cell join together in an ovule on the female cone.
Input How Cells Differentiate • During development, cells become fixed – or set- in how they will differentiate. • The instructions that will determine what will happen is coded in the DNA in its nucleus. • Differentiation occurs when certain sections of DNA are turned off. The active DNA then guides the development of the cell. • Once a cell’s future has been determined, when and how much it will changes depends on its DNA, its function, and the type of organism. • Some cells differentiate completely during development, others do not change until later.
Input Cell Differentiaton Among Animals • Once human cells differentiate, they usually lose their ability to become other types of cells. • Ex: a blood cell CANNOT change into a skin cell • Humans do produce cells called STEM CELLS that can differentiate throughout life. • Stem Cells exist all around the body, and respond to specific needs in the body by becoming specialized. • EX: production of red and white blood cells.
Input Angiosperms • All angiosperms share two important traits. • They produce flowers • In contrast with gymnosperms, which produce uncovered seeds, angiosperms produce seeds that are enclosed in fruits. • Angiosperms live almost everywhere on earth. They grow in frozen areas in the Arctic, tropical jungles, barren deserts, and at the oceans edge. • unlike gymnosperms, angiosperms produce fruit.
Finish the Front of Notes on your own • Across Discipline: Language Arts (compare and contrast the life cycles of a gymnosperm and angiosperm) • Patterns: Draw and label The Structure of a flower (page 393) • Question: Write a question and answer it. • Different Perspectives: The differences in cell differentiation from an animal cell and plant cell • Summary: Write a summary of what you have learned.
Finish the Front of Notes on your own • Across Discipline: Language Arts (compare and contrast the life cycles of a gymnosperm and angiosperm) • Patterns: Draw and label The Structure of a flower (page 393) • Question: Write two questions and answer them. • Different Perspectives: The differences in cell differentiation from an animal cell and plant cell • Summary: Write a summary of what you have learned.