Peisistratos’ successors

1. Prof. Rabinowitz, the gaze, theatron and ekklesiaAthens and Athenians on display, 528-508 BCE

2. Peisistratos’ successors • Hipparchos, not tyrannos, assassinated in 514/3 BCE • Hippias, tyrannos528/7-511/0 BCE • Nature of the tyranny until 514/3 BCE: read Thuc. 6.54.1-6 in D&G 4.21

3. Athenian Archon List, 527/6-522/1 BCE Fragment of an Athenian inscription O N E T O R I D E S H I P P I A S K L E I S TH E N E S M I L T I A D E S K A L L I A D E S P E I S I S T R A T O S E T O I P P I A L E I S TH E N I L T I A D E S L L I A D E S S T R A T Onetorides 527/6 Hippias 526/5 (tyrannos) Kleisthenes 525/4 (Alkmaionid: not in exile!) Miltiades 524/3 (fixed; ruler of Chersonese) Kalliades 523/2 Peisistratos 522/1 (namesake/grandson)

4. Prelude to assassination: Hipparchos insults Harmodios’ sister at the Panathenaia

5. Tyrannicides: Harmodios and Aristogeiton (Thuc. 6.56-58 in D&G 4.30; praise and heroization – D&G 4.40-47) Roman copy of the version made in 477/6 BCE First version made in 509 BCE was stolen in 480 BCE by King Xerxes of Persia 5th c. skolionpraises their efforts to restore isonomia – “equal distribution of justice” (read D&G4.43)

6. Homosexuality: erastes, eromenosand “Onetorideskalos” Black-figure amphora, 545-540 BCE, by Exekias

7. Expressions of eros (ἔρως):public vs. private perceptions of penetration (intercrural sex) 520-510 BCE kyathos (one-handled drinking-cup), Athens 520-510 BCE kyathos (one-handled drinking-cup), Athens • Chronology: 550-470 BCE only? • Geography: Athens only? • Social class: aristoi only? • Response to tyrannicides: cult activity • Interactions: army; gymnasion; symposium Example of erotic poetry:When he falls in love with a boy in the lovely flower of youth Desiring his eyes and sweet mouth (Solon 25 in D&G 13.66)

8. Literary evidence for homosexual eros • Theognis’ poem for Kyrnos (D&G 13.67), to be sung at a symposion • Obscene graffiti (D&G 13.68), some linked to dance, some malicious • Xenophon’s ideal relationship at Sparta (D&G 13.70) – character, not desire • Anacreon’s sympotic drinking song (D&G 13.73) • Aristophanes’ views on homosexuality in the “good old days” (read D&G13.74)

9. Tyranny: End of the Peisistratids • Hippias: 514-511/0 BCE (read D&G 4.33) • Alkmaionidai in exile; Delphi • read Hdt. 5.62.2-63.1 in D&G 4.36 • Sparta and King Kleomenes: Hdt. 5.64.1 in D&G4.36 • Hippias in Persia in 511/0 BCE and atimia: Thuc. 6.59.4 in D&G 4.39

10. Reforms of Kleisthenes:the struggle for Athens and the birth of democracy in 508/7 BCE • Sources: Ath.Pol. 20-22; Hdt. 5.69-76 in D&G5.2-8 • Delphic oracle, Spartans , Kleisthenes and Isagoras • Kleisthenes “added the Athenian people … to his own party, he renamed the tribes … and divided the demes into ten and assigned them to the tribes” (Hdt. 5.69.2) • Kleisthenes “promised to hand the state over to the populace …; once the leader had control of affairs, Kleisthenes became their leader and champion of the people” (Ath. Pol. 20.1-4) • King Kleomenes of Sparta supports Isagoras • Kleisthenes and 700 families exiled • Boule ordered but refuses to disperse, and the “remaining Athenians” – the demos – besieged Isagoras and Kleomenes on the Acropolis

11. Kleisthenes’ reforms • Kleisthenes “took the people into his hetaireia(faction)” (Hdt. 5.66.2) • isonomia: “equality before the law” • phylai (“tribes”) • diminish the power of the aristocratic families • demes (“villages”) • reorganize sense of identity • trittyes (“thirds”) • deployed for legislative and military purposes • demarchos (“deme-magistrate”) – D&G 5.20 • 10 eponymous heroes (D&G 5.1) • Bouleand bouleuterion of 500; tribe in prytany • Empowered demos, aristoi (Solon’s categories); no social reforms

12. Three regions • of trittyes in • Attica ca. 508: • coast, city, inland • Tribes (phylai) • Villages (demes) • Dememanager (demarchos) • Convene deme assembly • organize oath-taking & voting • carry out decisions of assembly • oversee sacrifices and local treasury

13. Statues of the Ten Eponymous Heroes, agora, ca. 500 BCE

14. Statues of the Ten Eponymous Heroes, agora, ca. 500 BCE

15. West side of agora Eponymous heroes

16. Temple of Hephaistos Bouleuterion (5th c.) Tholos Metroon (3rd c.)

17. Responsibilities of tribe in prytany and Bouleof 500 (tholos, bouleuterion) • Tribe in prytany in the tholos • 50 prytaneis (tribal reps.) with one epistates (presider)/month • Prepare probouleumata (sg. brobouleuma) for boule • Bouleof 500 bouleutaiin the bouleuterion • Prepare legislation, decrees, treaties for ekklesia • Check qualification of newly elected officials • Try magistrates accused of mismanaging funds • Inspect cavalry and ships • Work with various boards – e.g., contract lessors (poletai) who leased mines, sold confiscated land • Supervise election of 10 strategoi (new chief executives, replacing the archons, selected by lot as of 487/6)

18. Representative democracy Attica political organization: the distribution of demes and bouleutai

19. Ostracism and ostraka, 5th C. • Enactment in 487/6: Ath. Pol. 22.3-8 = D&G 5.9 • Decision on whether to hold ostracism in 6thprytany: Ath. Pol. 43.5 = D&G 5.10 • Method: Philochoros (3rd c. BCE historian) frag. 30 = D&G 5.11 • Anecdote about Aristeides' ostracism: Plut. Aristeides 7.7 = D&G 5.12