Photosynthesis vs. Respiration

1. Photosynthesis vs. Respiration

2. The activities of all living things require energy. Swimming, flying, growing, reproducing, and even the flashing of a firefly use energy.

3. Energy for cells is stored in the chemical bonds of organic molecules.

4. Fuels that power organisms The lipids, proteins, and carbohydratesthat you already studied about are the fuels that power organisms.

5. Cell Energy (Photosynthesis and Respiration)Notes Energy: ability to do work; forms of energy include: heat, light, chemical, electrical, mechanical, kinetic and potential. • Energy for living things comes from food. Originally, the energy in food comes from the sun.

6. Organisms that use light energy from the sun to produce food—autotrophs (auto = self) • Ex: plants and some microorganisms (some bacteria and protists)

7. Organisms that CANNOT use the sun’s energy to make food—heterotrophs – obtain energy from food they consume. • Ex: animals and most microorganisms

8. Our body converts food in to energyin the mitochondria

9. Cell Energy – needed for active transport, making proteins and nucleic acids, chemical signals (Fireflies’ light) • Cells usable source of energy is called ATP • ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate 3 Phosphate groups adenine ribose

10. ADP stands for adenosine diphosphate adenine 2 phosphate groups ribose

11. All energy is stored in the bonds of compounds—breaking the bond releases the energy • When the cell has energy available it can store this energy by adding a phosphate group to ADP, producing ATP

12. D. Example: ATP ADP + P + E from breaking bond ADP + Energy + P ATP http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbtqF9q_pFw&NR=1

14. Photosynthesis: • List at least three things you know about photosynthesis. • 1. • 2. • 3.

15. Warm-UP…. DO NOW • Take out your POGIL- Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning “What’s in a Leaf?” - Take out your Cell Energy Notes WARM-UP: ENERGY IN A CELL WORKSHEET!

16. Photosynthesis - the process by which the energy of sunlight is converted into the energy of glucose • General Formula: • H2O + CO2 + light C6H12O6 + O2 • water + carbon dioxide + light glucose + oxygen

17. B. 2 parts of photosynthesis: 1. light reaction – forms ATP and NADPH – contain chemical E, but are unstable 2. Calvin cycle (dark reaction) – uses E from ATP and NADPH to produce glucose

18. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plants

19. Light abosrbing (and reflecting) compounds are called Pigments. • Most common photosynthetic compound are chlorophyll (a + b) • Absorbs light energy needed for photosynthesis to work

20. Chlorophyll is the pigment inside the chloroplast the absorbs light for photosynthesis As the chlorophyll in leaves decays in the autumn, the green color fades and is replaced by the oranges and reds of carotenoids.

21. Reactants • Diagram H2O CO2 Light NADP+ Thylakoid ADP + P Light Dependent Reaction Calvin Cycle ATP NADPH Chloroplast Stroma – Calvin Cycle occurs here C6H12O6 Glucose O2 Products

22. Summary: • Light Dependent Reaction—H2O is broken down and light energy is stored temporarily in inorganic energy carriers, ATP and NADPH • Calvin Cycle—energy is transferred from ATP and NADPH to the organic compound glucose

23. Cellular Respiration: (2 kinds—Aerobic and Anaerobic) • Cellular respiration is the process by which the energy of glucose is released in the cell to be used for life processes (movement, breathing, blood circulation, etc…)

24. Cells require a constant source of energy for life processes but keep only a small amount of ATP on hand. Cells can regenerate ATP as needed by using the energy stored in foods like glucose. • The energy stored in glucose by photosynthesis is released by cellular respiration and repackaged into the energy of ATP.

26. Respiration occurs in ALL cells and can take place either with or without oxygen present.

27. Aerobic Respiration:requires oxygen • Occurs in the mitochondria of the cell • Total of 36 ATP molecules produced • General formula for aerobic respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy Human cells contain a specialized structure – the mitochondrion – that generates energy.

28. Put in order…. • What is the formula for photosynthesis? • What is the formula for cellular respiration? • With your lab partner discuss what is similar/different about the two formulas. (BE PREPARED TO SHARE WITH THE CLASS)

29. Diagram Electrons carried in NADH Mitochondria In Cytoplasm Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Glucose Glycolysis 2 2 32

30. Summary: 3 steps: • 1stglycolysis • 2nd Krebs cycle • 3rd Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

31. AEROBIC C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + 36 ATP High E e- carried in NADH O2 High E e- carried in NADH and FADH2 Pyruvic Acid 2 3-C molec. Krebs cycle Glucose 1 6-C molec. Glycolysis E. T. C. CO2 released Mitochondria H2O released Cytoplasm 2 2 32 **E transferred from glucose to ATP 3 stages of aerobic respiration: Glycolysis – cytoplasm, 2 ATP Krebs cycle – mitochondria, 2 ATP Electron Transport Chain – mitochondria, 32 ATP 36 ATP total

32. Anaerobic Respiration:occurs when no oxygen is available to the cell (2 kinds: Alcoholic and Lactic Acid) • Also called fermentation • Much less ATP produced than in aerobic respiration

33. Alcoholic fermentation—occurs in bacteria and yeast Process used in the baking and brewing industry—yeast produces CO2gas during fermentation to make dough rise and give bread its holes glucose ethyl alcohol + carbon dioxide + 2 ATP

34. Lactic acid fermentation—occurs in muscle cells Lactic acid is produced in the muscles during rapid exercise when the body cannot supply enough oxygen to the tissues—causes burning sensation in muscles glucose lactic acid + carbon dioxide + 2 ATP

35. Krebs Cycle ETC Mitochondria • First step in anaerobic respiration is also glycolysis Diagram Anaerobic Respiration Cytoplasm Alcoholic fermentation Bacteria, Yeast 2 ATP • C6H12O6 • glucose glycolysis Lactic acid fermentation Muscle cells 2 ATP Aerobic Respiration 36 ATP

36. ANAEROBIC Pyruvic Acid 2 3-C molec. Glucose 1 6-C molec. Glycolysis Mitochondria Cytoplasm 2 Fermentation Yeast Bacteria muscles Alcoholic Lactic Acid