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Fungi

Fungi. Ch.26. Fungi Importance. Recycle nutrients by decomposition. Fungi. Eukaryotic Heterotrophs (external digestion, decomposers or parasites) Cell walls of chitin All multi-celled (except yeast). Fungi Structure. Hyphae - thin filaments with nuclei

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Fungi

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  1. Fungi Ch.26

  2. Fungi Importance • Recycle nutrients by decomposition

  3. Fungi • Eukaryotic • Heterotrophs (external digestion, decomposers or parasites) • Cell walls of chitin • All multi-celled (except yeast)

  4. Fungi Structure • Hyphae - thin filaments with nuclei • Mycelium - hyphae tangled together (absorbs food) • Fruiting body - reproductive structure growing out of mycelium (like mushroom cap)

  5. Fungus Reproduction • Asexual • Fragmentation: hyphae break off and grow on their own • Budding: pinches off to produce offspring • Spore production: (reproductive cell that undergoes mitosis to produce new organism) • (Sporangiophores, sporangium, and sporangiospores)

  6. Sexual Reproduction • Fungi are neither male or female • have mating types [(plus (+) & a minus (-)] • Gametes =“plus (+) & minus (-)” to form zygote

  7. Fungus Classification • Common Molds (Zygomycota) • Sac Fungi (Ascomycota) • Club Fungi (Basidiomycota) • Imperfect Fungi (Deuteromycota)

  8. Common Molds • Contain zygospores (spore with zygotes) • Rootlike hyphae called rhizoids (digestive enzymes) • Stolons – grow across the surface • Conjugation • Exs: Black bread mold, molds on meats & cheeses, etc.

  9. Sac Fungi (Ascomycota) • Parasites • Tiny spores = conidia • Sexual = hyphae of two different mating types - produces cuplike structures called ascocarp • Ascocarp contains sacs called asci that produces ascospores • Exs: Cup fungi, yeast • Yeast - reproduce thru budding (asexual)

  10. Club Fungi (Basidiomycota) • Produce small club-like structures = basidia • Spore-bearing structure = basidiocarp (cup & stalk) • Under cap = rows of “gills” lined with thousands of basidia • Basidia unite = zygote and develop into basidiospores • Exs: shelf fungi, puffballs, earthstars, jelly fungi, rusts (plant parasite), mushrooms

  11. Club Fungi

  12. Imperfect Fungi (Deuteromycota) • No sexual phase in life cycle • Exs: Penicillin

  13. Symbiosis (Mutualism) • Both benefit • Lichens • Mycorrhiza

  14. Lichens • Fungus & algae or cyanobacteria • Resistant to drought, cold • Algae/Bact. provide energy thru photo. & fungus provides water/minerals • First organisms on barren land • Great indicator of air pollution

  15. Mycorrhizae • Plant roots & fungi mycelia underground • 80% of plants form mychorrhizae w/ fungi • Fungus helps provide water/minerals to plant • Plants give fungus energy from photosynthesis • Some plants won’t survive w/out these

  16. Human Use • Production of B2, cortisone, penicillin, and other antibiotics, etc. • Production of cheeses, bread, beer, wines, and soy products

  17. Fungal Diseases • Human, animal, plant • Plant: corn smut, mildew, wheat rust • Human: Athlete’s foot, Ringworm, yeast infections • Animal: Cordyceps (kills grasshoppers)

  18. Fungal Diseases

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