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Matter: Characteristics, Composition, and Transformations

Explore the properties of matter, including physical and chemical properties, changes in matter, and the classification of elements. Learn about the periodic table and the distribution of elements.

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Matter: Characteristics, Composition, and Transformations

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  1. Chapter 4.Matter Chemistry is the scientific discipline con-cerned with the characteristics, compo-sition, and transformations of matter. Matter is anything that has mass and oc-cupies space.

  2. States (Phases) of Matter

  3. Properties of Matter Properties are distinguishing characteristics used in identification and description. Physical properties can be observed without changing the identity or composition of a substance. Chemical properties describe the way a sub-stance changes or resists a change of iden-tity or composition into another substance.

  4. Properties of Matter Physical properties of water: Colorless, odorless, liquid under normal con-ditions, boils at 100C, freezes at 0C, density is 1.00 g/mL. Chemical properties of water: Reacts with magnesium to form hydrogen gas and magnesium hydroxide. Does not react with oxygen or nitrogen.

  5. Changes in Matter Physical changes are processes that change the appearance of a substance but not its identity or composition. Water boils to vapor or freezes to ice. Its composition is unchanged. Chemical changes are processes that change the identity or composition of a substance. Water reacts with magnesium. It is turned into hydrogen gas and hydroxide ions.

  6. Properties of Matter Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of substance present. Examples: Density, boiling point, freezing point, phase Extensive properties depend on the amount of substance present. Examples: Mass, volume, energy content.

  7. Classification of Matter

  8. Classification of Matter

  9. Classification of Matter

  10. Classification of Matter

  11. Classification of Matter

  12. Classification of Matter

  13. The Elements An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler pure substances using ordinary chemical means. 88 elements occur naturally. ~ 25 others have been produced.

  14. Distribution of the Elements

  15. Distribution of the Elements

  16. Dicovery of the Elements

  17. Names and Symbols of Elements A chemical symbol is a one- or two- letter abbreviation of an element's name. The symbols are used as shorthand for the names in chemical communications. The Periodic Table charts the elements by name and/or symbol, according to their properties.

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