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Hematology

Hematology. Average adult has 8-10 pints of blood in their body. Functions. Transports nutrients, oxygen, cellular waste products, and hormones. Aids in distribution of heat. Regulates acid-base balance. Helps protect against infection. Composition.

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Hematology

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  1. Hematology Average adult has 8-10 pints of blood in their body.

  2. Functions • Transports nutrients, oxygen, cellular waste products, and hormones. • Aids in distribution of heat. • Regulates acid-base balance. • Helps protect against infection.

  3. Composition • Plasma – liquid portion of blood without cellular components.

  4. Serum • Plasma after a blood clot is formed.

  5. Composition • Cellular elements are red cells, white cells and platelets

  6. Plasma • Straw colored and contains • Water • Blood proteins • Nutrients • Electrolytes • Hormones, vitamins, enzymes • Metabolic waste products

  7. Plasma

  8. Erythrocytes • Shape = biconcave discs • Hemoglobin- gives red color, heme is iron and globin is protein, • Function – transports oxygen to tissues and carbon dioxide away from cells • Normal – men 14-18 gm • Women – 12-16 gm

  9. Function of hemoglobin • Red cells travel through the lungs where O2+hemoglobin oxyhemoglobin O2 is carried to tissues and released CO2 picked up and carried back to the lungs for exchange.

  10. Arterial blood – lots of oxyhemoglobin = bright red • Venous blood – lots of CO2 = dark crimson.

  11. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning • CO is a colorless odorless tasteless gas that is commonly produced by fire, automobiles exhaust, and space heaters. • CO interferes with the delivery of O2 in the blood. • O2 is crowded out of the hemoglobin, eventually depriving cells of their oxygen supply and can be fatal.

  12. Erythropoiesis Manufacture of red blood cells. Occurs in bone marrow. Red cells live 120 days. Old cells broken down by the spleen and liver. Hemolysis Rupture or bursting of erythrocyte, can be from a blood transfusion or disease. Erythrocytes

  13. Erythropoiesis Hemolysis

  14. White Blood Cells Leukocytes • Larger than erythrocytes • Granular or agranular • 5 types • Normal leukocyte count = 3,200 – 9,800 • Diapedesis- when WBC have the ability to squeeze through the intercellular spaces of capillary walls to fight infection in neighboring tissues.

  15. Types of White Cells…

  16. White Blood Cells cont.

  17. Leukocytes

  18. Phagocytosis – process when white cells surround engulf, and digest harmful bacteria.

  19. Inflammation Start  Pus produced a combination of dead tissue, dead and living bacteria, dead leukocytes and plasma Body’s reaction to chemical or physical trauma.  Histamine increases the blood flow to the injured area.  Symptoms – redness, local heat, swelling and pain Pathogenic disease producing microorganisms can cause inflammation.    Why? Bacterial toxins, increase blood flow, collection of plasma in tissues – edema.

  20. Inflammation

  21. Inflammation Cont.

  22. Thrombocytes • Smallest of solid components of blood • Synthesized in red marrow • Not cells fragments of megakaryocytes • Necessary for the initiation of the blood clotting process

  23. Thrombocytes

  24. Coagulation Cut or injuryplatelets and injured tissue release Thromboplastinact on Prothrombin in plasma+ Calcium ions converts to Thrombinthe thrombin acts as an enzyme and changes FibrinogenFibrin creating a mesh that traps red blood cells, platelets and plasma creating a blood clot.

  25. Coagulation Cont. • Anticoagulants prevent blood clotting • Heparin antiprothrombin • Prothrombin dependent on Vitamin K

  26. Test your gray matter… Diapedesis Carbon Monoxide poisoning Pyrexia NACL and K+ Plasma Hemoglobin

  27. Protein and iron Erythrocyte Leukocyte Fight infection Carry oxygen Thrombocyte 5-6 Phagocytosis

  28. Blood Clotting It is the smallest of the blood cells Because they carry oxyhemoglobin Phagocytosis

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