Sexually Transmitted Infections

1. Sexually Transmitted Infections

2. Review and Today’s Plan • No gonorrhea notes • Finish fill in the blank notes • 35 min Video and notes – turn in to me today • Assignment #9 scenarios • Teen Pregnancy – your own thoughts • Assignment #10 Letter to a friend • Due at the end of the period.

3. Basic Facts 1. The media most often portrays the EMOTIONAL side of sexual activity. • Hurt, rejection, pregnancy, destroyed reputation, and STIs • More than 25 different STIs • Over 95% of all STDs are contracted through sexual intercourse. • There is NO known cure for AIDS or HERPES

4. 2. Every time you have sexual contact with another person you run the risk of getting an STD. 5. Chlamydia is the most PREVALENT - widly spread STD.

5. Basic Information 3. Mutual lifetime MONOGOMY is the most effective way to prevent getting STDs. • Birth control pills DO NOTprevent STDs from being contracted. 4. Most STDs can be TREATED. • Even if the symptoms of the STD disappears, the disease may still be doing DAMAGE to the body. • Once you are CURED of an STD, you can still be reinfected.

6. HIV/AIDS M • HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) • The HIV/AIDS virus must pass from one person’s body fluids in to another BLOOD STREAM. • HIV can be transmitted through BLOOD, vaginal secretions and semen. • A positive HIV antibody test means that the person has been infected by HIV and can PASS IT ON. • AIDS is contracted through intravenous drug use and/or SEXUAL ACTIVITY. • AIDS is characterized by a reduction in white blood cell count and it can cause DEATH.

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8. Chlamydia M • Bacterial • The most PREVALENT - widly spread STD. • Transmitted by: • Sexual contact (vaginal, anal, and oral sex) with an infected partner • Mother to child • 75% of women and 50% of men have no signs or symptoms

9. Chlamydia – Signs and Symptoms • Abnormal discharge from penis or vagina

10. Chlamydia – Signs and Symptoms • Burning feeling when urinating • Rectal pain, discharge or bleeding • Can be found in throat • Women: • Pain during intercourse • Painful periods • Men: • Burning and itching around the opening of the penis

11. Chlamydia - Complications • Women • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) • Infertility • Ectopic pregnancies • Chronic pelvic pain • Increased risk of getting HIV • Men • Infection of the urethra • Spread to the tube that carries sperm from the testis • Increased risk of getting HIV • In babies • Linked to premature delivery • Low birth weight • Respiratory disease • Eye infections, blindness in severe cases

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13. Gonorrhea M • Bacterial STI • Grows and multiplies in warm, moist, dark areas of the reproductive tract • Cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, urethra, rectum, anus, mouth, throat, and eyes • Transmitted by: • Sexual Contact (vaginal, anal and oral sex) • Mother to child • Serious consequences and treatment

14. Gonorrhea – Signs and Symptoms • Creamy or green pus-like discharge

15. Gonorrhea – Signs and Symptoms • Creamy or green pus-like discharge • Painful urination • Sore throat • Rectal Infection • Constipation, itching, painful bowel movements • Men • Testicular pain • Women • Bleeding between periods or excessive bleeding during period • Irritation of vulva • Painful intercourse

16. Gonorrhea - Complications • Men • Epididymitis • Scarring in urine canal • Women • Major cause of PID • Ectopic pregnancies • Both • Can spread to blood or joints • Risk of HIV infection increases • Newborns • Pass to baby through birth canal • Joint infection • Life-threatening blood infection • Eye infection or blindness

17. Epididymitis

18. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

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20. Syphilis M • Bacterial STI • Four Stages • Primary • Secondary • Latent • Tertiary • Transmitted by: • Direct contact with a syphilis sore • Vaginal, anal, or oral sex • Mother to child • Serious consequences and cured with treatment

21. Syphilis – Signs and Symptoms • Primary Stage • Appearance of a painless sore called a chancre • Sore forms where bacteria enters the body

22. Syphilis – Signs and Symptoms • Secondary Stage • Appears after chancre has gone away • Rough, red or reddish-brown rash on the bottom of the feet and the palms of the hands

23. Syphilis – Signs and Sypmtoms • Latent Stage • “Hidden Stage” • No signs or symptoms for years as bacteria multiplies and causes damage to the body • Tertiary Stage • Damage the heart and brain • Attacks the eyes, blood vessels, liver, bones, and joints • Paralysis, numbness, blindness, dementia, and death

24. Syphilis - Complications • Easier to get and spread HIV • Newborns • Can become infected while still in womb • Miscarriage, stillbirth • Left untreated • Deformities • Delays in development • Seizures • Death

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26. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) M • Most common viral STI • 30 different virus can infect the genital area • Genital warts • Cervical cancer • Most people don’t know that they have it • Body’s immune system fights the virus in about 2 years • Serious Consequences, No cure, but it can be treated • Transmitted by: • Touching the genitals of an infected partner

27. HPV– Signs and Symptoms • Genital Warts – raised, flat, single, multiple, small, large, looks like the top of cauliflower

28. HPV – Signs and Symptoms • Cervical Cancer • No early signs or symptoms

29. HPV - Vaccine • Helps protect against 4 types of HPV • 2 types that cause 70% of cervical cancer cases • 2 types that cause 90% of genital wart cases • For girls and young women ages 9-26 • Three doses over 6 months • Vaccine doesn’t protect everyone or every type of HPV • Important to get routine cervical cancer screenings

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31. Genital Herpes M • Very common viral STI • 45 million people currently infected in the U.S. • 1 in 4 women and 1 in 5 men • Two types • HSV-1 (infects the mouth and lips, “cold sores”) • HSV-2 (infects the genital area) • Transmitted by: • Sexual activity (vaginal, anal, oral sex) • Skin-to-Skin contact (hand-to-genital or genital-to-genital) • Mother to child • Can be given to another person even if no blisters are present • No known cure

32. Genital Herpes – Signs and Symptoms • Small red bumps appear, develop into blisters, then become painful and itchy sores

33. Genital Herpes - Complications • Women and Men • No serious health concerns • Virus stay in body for life • Outbreaks can be severe in people with weakened immune systems • Makes people more at risk to HIV infection • Makes HIV+ people more infectious • Newborns and babies • Can be born with a herpes infection • Serious brain, skin or eye problems • Death a possibility • Mother will be given a C-section to avoid transmission to baby

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35. HIV/AIDS M • HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) • The HIV/AIDS virus must pass from one person’s body fluids in to another BLOOD STREAM. • HIV can be transmitted through BLOOD, vaginal secretions and semen. • A positive HIV antibody test means that the person has been infected by HIV and can PASS IT ON. • AIDS is contracted through intravenous drug use and/or SEXUAL ACTIVITY. • AIDS is characterized by a reduction in white blood cell count and it can cause DEATH.

36. HIV/AIDS • AIDS doesn’t kill the person, opportunistic infections do Identified opportunistic infections Bacterial infections Cancers Viral infections Fungal infections Protozoal infections Neurological Conditions Canker sores Wasting syndrome Kaposi's Sarcoma

37. Trichomoniasis • Caused by a parasite • Symptoms • Men • Rarely have symptoms • Women • Genital itching • Green-white or yellow discharge • Foul odor • Painful urination or intercourse • Transmission • Sexual intercourse

38. Pubic Lice • Insect • Sucks on blood • Lives on course hair • Symptoms • Very itchy • See spots on skin and pubic hair • Transmitted by: • Sexual contact • Sharing clothing, towels, sheets, etc. with an infected person • Can be treated with medicated shampoos

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40. STD Community Resources • Northern Utah Coalition : 393-4153 • People with AIDS Coalition of Utah: 484-2205 • Planned Parenthood: 479-7721 • Davis Health Dept.: 399-7180 • Utah AIDS Foundation: 1-800-FON-AIDS

41. Assignments • Assignment #6 - Scenarios • Teen Pregnancy affects • Assignment #7 – Letter • Will be turned into me before you leave today.

42. Teen Pregnancy…So what? An overview of the teen pregnancy problem in America Prepared by the National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy www.teenpregnancy.org

43. Four in ten girls get pregnant at least once before age 20. Source: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy analysis of Henshaw, S.K., U.S.. Teenage Pregnancy Statistics, New York: Alan Guttmacher Institute, May, 1996; and Forrest, J.D., Proportion of U.S. Women Ever Pregnant Before Age 20, New York: Alan Guttmacher Institute, 1986, unpublished.

44. We’re number one…unfortunately The United States has much higher pregnancy and birth rates than other fully industrialized countries. US pregnancy rates are nearly twice as high as rates in Canada and England and seven to eight times as high as rates in Japan and the Netherlands. Singh, S., & Darroch, J.E. (2000). Adolescent pregnancy and childbearing: Levels and trends in developed countries. Family Planning Perspectives 32(1), 14-23. Pregnancy rates calculated as the sum of births, abortions, and estimated miscarriages (20 percent of births plus 10 percent of miscarriages).

45. The consequences of teen motherhood are many: • Less likely to complete high school • Dependence on welfare • Single parenthood • More likely to have more children sooner on a limited income • More likely to abuse or neglect the child National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy. (1997). Whatever Happened to Childhood? The Problem of Teen Pregnancy in the United States. Washington, DC: Author.

46. Risks to children of teen mothers • growing up without a father • low birth weight and premature • school failure • mental retardation • insufficient health care • abuse and neglect • poverty and welfare dependence Source: Maynard, R.A., (ed.), Kids Having Kids: A Robin Hood Foundation Special Report on the Costs of Adolescent Childbearing, New York: Robin Hood Foundation, 1996.

47. Only 32 percent of teen mothers get their high school diplomas • Teen mothers: Educational attainment by age 30 68% 32% National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy. (1997). Whatever Happened to Childhood? The Problem of Teen Pregnancy in the United States. Washington, DC: Author.

48. The children of teen mothers are at greater risk of abuse and neglect. 110 51 29 18 National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy. (1997). Whatever Happened to Childhood? The Problem of Teen Pregnancy in the United States. Washington, DC: Author.

49. 100 teen girls get pregnant each hour. Nearly 1 million teen pregnancies occurred in 1996. To put it another way, more than 100 U.S. teens become pregnant each hour. Forty percent of these pregnancies were girls under the age of 18, and 60 percent were girls aged 18-19. Total: 905,000 542,640 337,530 24,830 The Alan Guttmacher Institute. (1999). Special report: U.S. teenage pregnancy statistics with comparative statistics for women aged 20-24. New York: Author.

50. Teen pregnancy rates in girls aged 15-19(pregnancies per 1,000 girls) After increasing 23 percent between 1972 and 1990 (including 10 percent between 1987 and 1990), the teen pregnancy rate for girls aged 15-19 decreased 17 percent between 1990 and 1996. The Alan Guttmacher Institute. (1999). Special report: U.S. teenage pregnancy statistics with comparative statistics for women aged 20-24. New York: Author.