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Juvenile Justice in America

Juvenile Justice in America. SOC 106 Part 8-1 : Violence By and Against Youth. Children / youth - victims of crime a. Police: required by law - protect victim / delinquent alike - runaway / at-risk / dependent = victimized - home / street / schools

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Juvenile Justice in America

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  1. Juvenile Justice in America SOC 106 Part 8-1: Violence By and Against Youth

  2. Children / youth - victims of crime a. Police: required by law - protect victim / delinquent alike - runaway / at-risk / dependent = victimized - home / street / schools - immediate protection (1) Victims of abuse - 2 million cases - enough damage = police / CPS

  3. - reported / observed (a) Abuse cases increasing - family member / relative - schools second - observation by police (2) 5 primary areas of child abuse (a) Physical abuse - hit / spank / burn / under water - 10% = family / member

  4. (b) Emotional abuse - 90% - berating of child - neglect (c) Sexual abuse - position of power - 1 in 3 = girls under 16 years - 1 in 6 = boys under 16 years (d) Sibling abuse - abuse smaller child

  5. (e) Elderly abuse - older adults - grandparent / friend / neighbor (3) Myths of child abuse - seldom occurs - certain race / class / economics - stranger / non-family member b. Investigation - police conduct - conjunction with Child / Family Services

  6. (1) Evaluation of complaint - type of crime - elements present - case filed? (a) Prepare to interview child - limit interviews - insure safety - remove if necessary (b) Never contact offender first - still have access

  7. - change story - injure / threaten - persuade parent(s) (2) Background information - family history - prior complaints - school / babysitter / friends - court documents: divorce / adoption - ex-spouse (a) Location

  8. - neutral setting - accommodate child’s needs - furniture / pictures / toys (b) Not in home / grandparents - distracted - intimidated with family - see you in surroundings (c) Avoid interruptions - quiet surroundings - others talking

  9. (d) Best time for child - avoid nap time - not hungry - schedule enough time (3) Who present (a) Investigator / CPS / child - one person in control - no more than one other adult - support person only (necessary) - to observe

  10. (b) Parent(s) not present - child = minimize - control emotions - be objective - response = prevent facts - assist with interview (c) Child only - what they say counts c. Initial contact - establish rapport

  11. (1) Take time - child comfortable / your surroundings (a) Explain what you do - do not rush (b) Something personal - about yourself - child / same age (c) Gain trust / confidence - difficult = experiences / heard

  12. (2) Beginning interview - initial response - relationship from then on (a) Watch where you sit - relationship to child (b) Talk on their level - avoid legaleze - police terminology (c) Be sincere

  13. - very perceptive (d) Little people - feelings / fears (e) Explain - what you want to talk about (3) Establish comprehension - name / address / phone / parents / etc (a) Younger children

  14. - how to count - difference in colors (b) Independent recall - establish child has (4) Importance = telling truth (a) Difference - true / false - cautious = “lying” - “fib” = younger children

  15. (b) More trouble - anything else (c) Give child way out - “mixed up” d. Understanding children - child accepts responsibility - adult / parent tells them this - never say “Why didn’t you tell?” - “Can you remember why you didn’t say anything?”

  16. (1) Suspect = enticements / bribes / threats - secret / special / never tell - say nothing / buy a . . . . - kill parents / dog / you (2) Child’s terminology = body parts - interview / trial (a) Do not correct - change terminology used - confusing / uncomfortable - wording suspect used

  17. (b) Credibility - testimony of child (3) Cartoon drawings - after child indicates - point to / mark on (a) Anatomical dolls - after describing acts (b) Anatomically correct - point / tell

  18. (4) What suspect said - no leading questions - led easily (a) Accurate times / dates - not exact - before Santa came (b) Pinpoint locations - vehicle / park / grandma’s house (5) Never say “I don’t believe you”

  19. - think liar - hurt feelings - stop talking e. Ending interview - answer questions - be honest - make comfortable - talk to parents • Neglected and abused children - increased over past 10 years

  20. - homeless families / divorced-separated / drug abusing - increase in affluence = child ignored a. Until early 1970s - at-risk children ignored - few police specialists - abuse / neglect = difficult to prove in court - more effort = juvenile crime (1) Late 1970s / early 1980s - public attention

  21. - no longer social service problem - children were victims - public wanted something done (2) Law enforcement / social service - began working together - before: abuse / neglect given to CPS - now: both trained in child problems b. Abuse / neglect = categories - neglect = physical / emotional / moral - abuse = physical / emotional / sexual /

  22. sibling / elderly - unreported = same number as reported - all levels of society (1) Neglect = 3.8 million yearly - disregarding - physical / emotional / moral needs - failure to: feed / clothe / shelter / keep clean / provide medical care - failure to train in right and wrong (a) Physical neglect

  23. - greater ability to prove - dirty home / dirty child / bruises – cuts / food / clothes / place to live - seen by society = neighbors / friends / teachers / etc. (b) Emotional neglect - failure to provide love / care - necessary to grow - failure to thrive - difficult to prove - poorly in school / relationships

  24. - with own family (c) Moral neglect - fail to provide necessary training - develop proper beliefs / attitudes - responsibility / trust / truthful / courteous / right from wrong (2) Physical abuse - actions directed towards child - pain / injury / suffering / death - over 2 million each year

  25. - approximately 2000 murdered yearly (a) Goes beyond discipline - parents / guardian / school officials / caretakers / caregivers - position of authority (b) Females - perpetrators - most instances of abuse (3) Emotional abuse

  26. - prey on emotions of child - words / actions - fear / hopelessness / inadequacy (a) Constantly telling = beaten - clean room / trash / good school (b) Loser / never be anything / ugly / fat / weak / stupid (c) Actions - push away / ignore / leave alone

  27. (4) Sexual abuse - any sexual activity - sexual arousal of child / perpetrator - inappropriate touching - sexual gratification = watching child (a) Incest = intra-familial - take place within family - brother / sister = most common - father / daughter = second - mother / son = rare (does occur) - grandparents = rare

  28. (b) Extra-Familial - strangers / friends - assume power over c. Child abuse and delinquency - study of Crips / Bloods - dangerous family environment (1) “Defensive World View” – Mark Fleisher - development of gang members - 6 characteristics - from family

  29. (a) Feeling of vulnerability - need to protect oneself - parents / guardians do not - gangs help to protect - join for safety (b) No one can be trusted - learn = parents / family members - even among gang members (c) Maintain social distance - avoid people in community

  30. - know they do not belong - not want school / other activities - have the gang (d) Willingness = violence / intimidation - learned in family - spouses / parent – child / sibling (e) Attraction: similar defensive people - shared relationships = gangs - basis for joining - other than fear

  31. (f) Expectation - no one will come to aid - abuse from family - no one to help when needed - police / government responsible d. Homeless children - child alone on streets - with parent / parents - 100,000 to 300,000 - at-risk = theft / prostitution / assault - homeless = result of child abuse

  32. (1) Cannot place in secure institution - homeless shelter - foster home (2) Parent(s) = continue to move / city to city - local agencies = not learn of abuse - not let play / meet new friends (3) Not allow to attend school - no questioning - school authorities - on-going pattern

  33. e. Child abuse - country of abusers - family to discipline - 3 levels (1) Collective abuse - poor / born into poverty - treat differently / look down upon - a social injustice (2) Institutional abuse - schools / churches / detention centers

  34. - police / courts / corrections - corporal punishment allowed (3) Individual abuse - parents / friends / acquaintances / siblings / strangers f. Pregnancy / child abuse - mother’s actions = designated abuse - fetal alcohol syndrome = parents patriae g. Battered child syndrome

  35. - doctors = traumatic injuries - accidental = inflicted - was difficult to try in court (1) Phrased used in 1960s - coined by C.H. Kempe (1961) - American Academy of Pediatrics - Chicago / now all states (2) 1958 = first child protection team - Colorado General Hospital, Denver - determine injury infliction

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