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Child Abuse and Neglect: Understanding, Reporting, and Preventing

Learn about child abuse and neglect, types of abuse, investigative procedures, communication strategies with children, and the importance of reporting. Understand the impact of abuse and how to prevent it in homes, schools, and communities.

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Child Abuse and Neglect: Understanding, Reporting, and Preventing

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  1. Juvenile Justice in America SOC 106 Part 8-1: Violence By and Against Youth

  2. Children / youth - victims of crime a. Police: required by law - protect victim / delinquent alike - runaway / at-risk / dependent = victimized - home / street / schools - immediate protection (1) Victims of abuse - 2 million cases - enough damage = police / CPS

  3. - reported / observed (a) Abuse cases increasing - family member / relative - schools second - observation by police (2) 5 primary areas of child abuse (a) Physical abuse - hit / spank / burn / under water - 10% = family / member

  4. (b) Emotional abuse - 90% - berating of child - neglect (c) Sexual abuse - position of power - 1 in 3 = girls under 16 years - 1 in 6 = boys under 16 years (d) Sibling abuse - abuse smaller child

  5. (e) Elderly abuse - older adults - grandparent / friend / neighbor (3) Myths of child abuse - seldom occurs - certain race / class / economics - stranger / non-family member b. Investigation - police conduct - conjunction with Child / Family Services

  6. (1) Evaluation of complaint - type of crime - elements present - case filed? (a) Prepare to interview child - limit interviews - insure safety - remove if necessary (b) Never contact offender first - still have access

  7. - change story - injure / threaten - persuade parent(s) (2) Background information - family history - prior complaints - school / babysitter / friends - court documents: divorce / adoption - ex-spouse (a) Location

  8. - neutral setting - accommodate child’s needs - furniture / pictures / toys (b) Not in home / grandparents - distracted - intimidated with family - see you in surroundings (c) Avoid interruptions - quiet surroundings - others talking

  9. (d) Best time for child - avoid nap time - not hungry - schedule enough time (3) Who present (a) Investigator / CPS / child - one person in control - no more than one other adult - support person only (necessary) - to observe

  10. (b) Parent(s) not present - child = minimize - control emotions - be objective - response = prevent facts - assist with interview (c) Child only - what they say counts c. Initial contact - establish rapport

  11. (1) Take time - child comfortable / your surroundings (a) Explain what you do - do not rush (b) Something personal - about yourself - child / same age (c) Gain trust / confidence - difficult = experiences / heard

  12. (2) Beginning interview - initial response - relationship from then on (a) Watch where you sit - relationship to child (b) Talk on their level - avoid legaleze - police terminology (c) Be sincere

  13. - very perceptive (d) Little people - feelings / fears (e) Explain - what you want to talk about (3) Establish comprehension - name / address / phone / parents / etc (a) Younger children

  14. - how to count - difference in colors (b) Independent recall - establish child has (4) Importance = telling truth (a) Difference - true / false - cautious = “lying” - “fib” = younger children

  15. (b) More trouble - anything else (c) Give child way out - “mixed up” d. Understanding children - child accepts responsibility - adult / parent tells them this - never say “Why didn’t you tell?” - “Can you remember why you didn’t say anything?”

  16. (1) Suspect = enticements / bribes / threats - secret / special / never tell - say nothing / buy a . . . . - kill parents / dog / you (2) Child’s terminology = body parts - interview / trial (a) Do not correct - change terminology used - confusing / uncomfortable - wording suspect used

  17. (b) Credibility - testimony of child (3) Cartoon drawings - after child indicates - point to / mark on (a) Anatomical dolls - after describing acts (b) Anatomically correct - point / tell

  18. (4) What suspect said - no leading questions - led easily (a) Accurate times / dates - not exact - before Santa came (b) Pinpoint locations - vehicle / park / grandma’s house (5) Never say “I don’t believe you”

  19. - think liar - hurt feelings - stop talking e. Ending interview - answer questions - be honest - make comfortable - talk to parents • Neglected and abused children - increased over past 10 years

  20. - homeless families / divorced-separated / drug abusing - increase in affluence = child ignored a. Until early 1970s - at-risk children ignored - few police specialists - abuse / neglect = difficult to prove in court - more effort = juvenile crime (1) Late 1970s / early 1980s - public attention

  21. - no longer social service problem - children were victims - public wanted something done (2) Law enforcement / social service - began working together - before: abuse / neglect given to CPS - now: both trained in child problems b. Abuse / neglect = categories - neglect = physical / emotional / moral - abuse = physical / emotional / sexual /

  22. sibling / elderly - unreported = same number as reported - all levels of society (1) Neglect = 3.8 million yearly - disregarding - physical / emotional / moral needs - failure to: feed / clothe / shelter / keep clean / provide medical care - failure to train in right and wrong (a) Physical neglect

  23. - greater ability to prove - dirty home / dirty child / bruises – cuts / food / clothes / place to live - seen by society = neighbors / friends / teachers / etc. (b) Emotional neglect - failure to provide love / care - necessary to grow - failure to thrive - difficult to prove - poorly in school / relationships

  24. - with own family (c) Moral neglect - fail to provide necessary training - develop proper beliefs / attitudes - responsibility / trust / truthful / courteous / right from wrong (2) Physical abuse - actions directed towards child - pain / injury / suffering / death - over 2 million each year

  25. - approximately 2000 murdered yearly (a) Goes beyond discipline - parents / guardian / school officials / caretakers / caregivers - position of authority (b) Females - perpetrators - most instances of abuse (3) Emotional abuse

  26. - prey on emotions of child - words / actions - fear / hopelessness / inadequacy (a) Constantly telling = beaten - clean room / trash / good school (b) Loser / never be anything / ugly / fat / weak / stupid (c) Actions - push away / ignore / leave alone

  27. (4) Sexual abuse - any sexual activity - sexual arousal of child / perpetrator - inappropriate touching - sexual gratification = watching child (a) Incest = intra-familial - take place within family - brother / sister = most common - father / daughter = second - mother / son = rare (does occur) - grandparents = rare

  28. (b) Extra-Familial - strangers / friends - assume power over c. Child abuse and delinquency - study of Crips / Bloods - dangerous family environment (1) “Defensive World View” – Mark Fleisher - development of gang members - 6 characteristics - from family

  29. (a) Feeling of vulnerability - need to protect oneself - parents / guardians do not - gangs help to protect - join for safety (b) No one can be trusted - learn = parents / family members - even among gang members (c) Maintain social distance - avoid people in community

  30. - know they do not belong - not want school / other activities - have the gang (d) Willingness = violence / intimidation - learned in family - spouses / parent – child / sibling (e) Attraction: similar defensive people - shared relationships = gangs - basis for joining - other than fear

  31. (f) Expectation - no one will come to aid - abuse from family - no one to help when needed - police / government responsible d. Homeless children - child alone on streets - with parent / parents - 100,000 to 300,000 - at-risk = theft / prostitution / assault - homeless = result of child abuse

  32. (1) Cannot place in secure institution - homeless shelter - foster home (2) Parent(s) = continue to move / city to city - local agencies = not learn of abuse - not let play / meet new friends (3) Not allow to attend school - no questioning - school authorities - on-going pattern

  33. e. Child abuse - country of abusers - family to discipline - 3 levels (1) Collective abuse - poor / born into poverty - treat differently / look down upon - a social injustice (2) Institutional abuse - schools / churches / detention centers

  34. - police / courts / corrections - corporal punishment allowed (3) Individual abuse - parents / friends / acquaintances / siblings / strangers f. Pregnancy / child abuse - mother’s actions = designated abuse - fetal alcohol syndrome = parents patriae g. Battered child syndrome

  35. - doctors = traumatic injuries - accidental = inflicted - was difficult to try in court (1) Phrased used in 1960s - coined by C.H. Kempe (1961) - American Academy of Pediatrics - Chicago / now all states (2) 1958 = first child protection team - Colorado General Hospital, Denver - determine injury infliction

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