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Drugs and Consciousness

Drugs and Consciousness. Psychoactive Drugs. A chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods. Dependence. Psychological Dependence A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions. Physical Dependence

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Drugs and Consciousness

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  1. Drugs and Consciousness

  2. Psychoactive Drugs • A chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.

  3. Dependence • Psychological Dependence • A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions. • Physical Dependence • A physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued

  4. Addiction -The compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences. • Tolerance • The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effect. • Withdrawal • the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug.

  5. Three Types of Psychoactive Drugs • Depressants • Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions. • Barbiturates • Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment. • Opiates • Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.

  6. Depressants • Alcohol

  7. Three Types of Psychoactive Drugs • Stimulants • Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions. • Nicotine • Amphetamine • Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes. • Methamphetamine • A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with sped-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels.

  8. Stimulates • Cocaine - Crack • Ecstasy –MDMA • a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.

  9. Three Types of Psychoactive Drugs • Hallucinogens • Psychedelic (“mind-manifesting”) drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input. • LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) • Acid • Marijuana -THC

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