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Tissues

Tissues. an integrated group of cells with a common structure and function. Plant Tissues. Four tissue systems in plants: Meristematic tissue : rapid cell division, lengthening of shoots and roots Dermal tissue : provides covering for the plant body.

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Tissues

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  1. Tissues an integrated group of cells with a common structure and function

  2. Plant Tissues • Four tissue systems in plants: • Meristematic tissue: rapid cell division, lengthening of shoots and roots • Dermal tissue: provides covering for the plant body. • Ground tissue: variety of functions including support, photosynthesis, and storage • Vascular tissue: “plumbing system” throughout plants; conducts water, food (CH2O), and dissolved minerals; also strengthens and supports the plant.

  3. Plants Exhibit Localized Growth at Meristems

  4. Meristematic Tissue • specific areas of plant growth composed of cells that do not differentiate • cells retain the ability to divide, which other plant cells lose • allow plants to grow their entire lives • Types: • Apical – primary growth at root and shoot tips • Lateral – secondary growth in trees and shrubs • Intercalary – secondary growth in monocot stems

  5. Region of cell differentiation/maturation Apical meristem Region of cell elongation • In shoot tips and root tips • Allium cepa root tip shown here • Parenchyma cells Region of cell division Apical meristem Root cap

  6. Apical Meristems • Stem buds have a dome-like apical meristem in addition to leaf primordia and bud primordia, which protect the apical meristem.

  7. Dermal Tissue System

  8. Dermal Tissues Epidermis • Single layer of cells called the epidermis in herbaceous plants • Guard cells • Trichomes • Root hairs • Functions • Absorption • Secretion of cuticle • Protection • Control of gas exchange Cuticle

  9. The Ground Tissue System

  10. Parenchyma cells • Spherical-shaped cells; most common type of tissue (most of apples & potatoes); found throughout plant • Have thin primary walls • Living, metabolizing tissue • Functions: • Photosynthesis & respiration • Storage (starch, oil droplets, water, and salts) • Wound healing & regeneration

  11. Collenchyma • Beneath the epidermis in young stems and in large veins of leaves (“strings” in celery) • Elongated cells that have unevenly thickened cell walls (especially in the corners) • Flexible support system (like our skeletal system) • Found uniformly throughout the plant • Alive at maturity

  12. Sclerenchyma • Specialized for structural support; occurs in many areas • Two types: • Fibers – support in wood, bark, leaves, stems • Sclereids – protection in fruits, seeds, other plant organs • Primary and secondary cell walls. • Dead at functional maturity

  13. The Vascular Tissue System

  14. Complex Vascular Tissues • Xylem • Conducts water and dissolved minerals from the roots • Phloem • Conducts dissolved food materials, carbohydrates, in solution • Continuous throughout plant • Support plant body

  15. All 4 types of tissues are present in the root tip

  16. Young monocot stem Young dicot stem

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