Supporting Victims of Child Pornography: Understanding, Identifying, and Assisting Exposed Individuals

1. Module 1: Introduction and History 5 minutes

2. SHIFT: Supporting Heroes In mental health Foundational Training Helping Those Exposed to Child Pornography:A Psychoeducational Program for Mental Health Professionals

3. funded byDepartment of Justice, OJJDPICAC Training & Technical Assistance

4. Course developed by The Innocent Justice Foundation in partnership with Jane Stevenson (Workplace Wellbeing) Chuck Arnold (ICAC Task Force Commander) Mike Sullivan (ICAC Task Force Commander) Joe Laramie (ICAC Task Force Commander)

5. Huntsville PEP-MEPYour Trainers are Jane Stevenson, Mental Health Professional andJoe Laramie, Law Enforcement Professional

6. Objectives of this Session To understand: • The true nature of child pornography • The ICAC response to problem • The negative impact of child pornography on exposed individuals To identify who is exposed, and how to support them To provide tools to help exposed individuals manage the negative impacts of exposure

7. Pre- Test Delivery 5 minutes

8. Module 2- Nature and Scope of Child Pornography and Pedophile networks 30 Minutes

9. Offenders and the Internet Internet can empower offenders through: Normalization of pedophilia Enhancedstatus with other offenders Feeling of anonymity Learning environment i.e. Grooming/Molestation Avoidance of justice

10. What is Child Pornography? Not about obscenity or pornography… Child Crime Scene = Pornography Photos

11. What is Child Pornography? 2005 Study funded by Congress

12. What is Child Pornography? 2005 Study funded by Congress 83% had images of children 6 to 12 years oldhad images of children 3 to 5 years oldhad images of childrenyounger than 3 39% 19%

13. What is Child Pornography? 2005 Study funded by Congress 80% had images of sexual penetrationhad images of children subjected to “bondage, rape or torture. Most of these were… gagged, bound, blindfolded or otherwise enduring sadistic sex.” 21%

14. What is Child Pornography? Law Enforcement Says: Victims are getting youngerMany are babies or toddlersAbuse is getting more violent and sadistic Live webcam and streaming video

15. Reality #1: CP is Crime Scene Photos “We regularly seize hundreds of thousands of images involving children as young as babies in diapers in pictures and in full length movies being brutally tortured, raped, sodomized and bleeding. This is the norm. There are now 3 and 4 year-olds in 20 minute movies screaming for daddy to stop.” --Detective Paul Gillespie Toronto Police

16. Video: EI talks about nature of images

17. What is Child Pornography? 2005 Study funded by Congress 1% Limited their collections solely to images that researchers termed“softcore” (“nude or semi-nude minors”)

18. High Correlation to Abuse 2005 Study funded by Congress 45% Actively MolestingAttempting to MolestActive Danger to Children on Day of Arrest 10% 55%

19. High Correlation of Abuse Butner federal prison 2006 study of 155 child pornography offenders: 85% Admitted to having molested childrenDenied, then failed polygraphCould honestly say they did not have any child molestation victims, but looking for chance 13% 2%

20. How Big is the Crisis? Over 100,000 websitesOver 6.5 million images identified since 2003 Estimated 60,000 new images each month625,000 Peer-to-Peer traders in US ICAC Data Network, Royal Canadian Mounted Police 3/15/06

21. Overwhelmed Law Enforcement The Pedophile How big is the crisis? 625,000 ICAC Data Network

22. Overwhelmed Law EnforcementThe ICAC Taskforces 61

23. Overwhelmed Law Enforcement Impact of insufficient resources leads to: Triaging of cases (and ultimately victims!)Many cases never investigatedMany victims never identified or rescued

24. History of ICAC Program First OJJDP funding 1998 Growing. Now 61 Main Task Forces 2,500 Affiliates Can only investigate 1% of incoming leads

25. ICAC Duties Investigate child pornography crimes Forensically analyze evidence Testify in court Undercover operations As child or mother As offender Interview suspects and victims

26. Exposed Individuals Commanders Investigators Forensic analysts Investigative aides Prosecutors Judges and other court personnel Probation/Parole

27. Indirectly Exposed IndividualsVia the ‘Ripple’ EffectColleagues Friends Spouses Family members Mental Health Professionals

28. Video 10 minutes

29. Module 3: Physiological Effects and Symptoms of Chronic Exposure 25 minutes

30. Physiology of Stress Stressors - Acute - Chronic Hypothalamus Adrenaline Cortisol Noradrenaline Our physiological response will depend on the severity of the stressor and the duration of the stress

31. Acute Physiological Effect Triggered by acute events such as being attacked: Sympathetic nervous system(noradrenaline) Sympathetic adrenal medulla (adrenaline) Blood vessels dilate • Blood pressure and heart rate increase • We are ready to fight …..or flee

32. Chronic Physiological Effect Chronic exposure to stressors can be responsible for a cumulative psychological impact. • Chronic stressors may lead to high levels of circulating cortisol. • Cumulative exposure to stressors can lead to • Burnout • Compassion Fatigue • Vicarious Trauma

33. Chronic Physiological Stressors • Chronic stressors for ICAC staff may include High workloads Exposure to distressing images Emotional interaction with child victims and/or offenders Resulting sense of hopelessness

34. Burnout Often excessively dedicated employees According to Luban (1996), “Burnout” tends to happen to givers -- people who are the bright, perfectionist, idealistic high achievers in our culture.”

35. Compassion Fatigue Stamm & Figley, 1996 • Reduction in Compassion Satisfaction: • Increased negative emotionality • Low morale and apathy • Dissatisfaction about one’s role as helper Helping the Helpers: The Safeguard Program at the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, Juliet M. Francis, Psy.D., Gina De Arth-Pendley, Ph.D., Erin Reilly, M.A., Christine Feller, M.A., and John Shehan,

36. Vicarious Trauma Definition “ .. the cumulative transformative effect upon the (exposed individual), of working with survivors of traumatic life events” EMPATHIC ENGAGEMENT: Pearlman & Saakvitne (1995)

37. Vicarious Trauma (VT) VT is a process of change relating to how an individual views themselves and the world around them Gradual process Often insidious Can include compassion fatigue Can include burnout Can be permanent Can be stopped!

38. Range of Trauma Primary Secondary Viewing CP images Interviewing a suspect Interviewing a victim UC as a mother/child UC as offender Case triage

39. Symptoms of Chronic Exposure Normal non-persistent non-intrusive Warning Signs persistent mildly intrusive Trouble Indicators persistent intrusive

40. Traditional Coping Strategies Simple Denial Rationalization Sublimation Reframing negative affect as being overworked or other conventional forms. *Durham, McCammon & Allison, (1985), †Janik (1995)

41. Video: EI talks about trying to deny

42. Maladaptive Coping Strategies Risk-taking behavior Driving too fast or angrily Alcohol abuse Substance abuse Affairs Workaholism *Durham, McCammon & Allison, (1985), †Janik (1995)

43. Physiological Effects Physical Response to Images

44. Module 4: Professional Factors, Management Response, and Personal Factors 25 minutes

45. Contributing Factors Professional Factors Personal Factors

46. Professional Factors Type of Work Job Itself • Killing a human • Death of a fellow officer • Being attacked • Direct contact with child abuse* Anshel, M.H. (2000)Follette et. Al (1994)

47. Professional Factors Type of Work Large caseloads, low success rate, lack of reward Lack of tools and training Images with strong emotional content Heightened empathy for the victims Images that precipitate familiarity with loved one Lack of understanding of role by society

48. Video: EI talks about caseload, tools, training, looking into victims eyes in videos and pictures

49. Highest Higher Lower Under 1 year 1-4 years 4+ years Professional Factors Length of Time on Job Helping the Helpers: The Safeguard Program at the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, Juliet M. Francis, Psy.D., Gina De Arth-Pendley, Ph.D., Erin Reilly, M.A., Christine Feller, M.A., and John Shehan,

50. Professional Factors Cumulative Exposure Lack of breaks from exposure Degree of Organizational Support Isolation* Peer respect Command support No way out* Mental Health Services *George A Bokelberg, Psy.D., Supervisory Special Agent, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Stress Associated with Investigating and Working in Support of Investigations of Internet Sexual Crimes Against Children