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CLASSIFICATION

CLASSIFICATION. Chapter 18. TAXONOMY. The field of biology that identifies (gives organisms a name) and classifies organisms (organizes living things into groups that have biological meaning) based on shared characteristics. Carl von Linne (Carolus Linnaeus).

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CLASSIFICATION

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  1. CLASSIFICATION Chapter 18

  2. TAXONOMY • The field of biology that identifies (gives organisms a name) and classifies organisms (organizes living things into groups that have biological meaning) based on shared characteristics

  3. Carl von Linne (Carolus Linnaeus) • Swedish biologist of mid-1700’s who developed the biological system of classification with 7 taxonomic levels

  4. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE • Means “two-part naming” • An organism’s scientific name consists of the genus and species names put together

  5. Rules for Binomial Nomenclature • Always written in Latin and in italics or underlined • Genus name is written first and is capitalized • Species name is written second and is not capitalized

  6. Binomial Nomenclature cont. • The reason for using LATIN is because it is not widely spoken and therefore the meanings of the word are not likely to change

  7. EXAMPLES • Modern Man • Homo sapien • Common House Cat • Felissylvestris

  8. PURPOSE FOR CLASSIFICATION 1. Eliminates confusion caused by common name differences • EX: crayfish, crawdad, mudbug are all common names for….

  9. Cambarus bartoni

  10. PURPOSE FOR CLASSIFICATION • Mountain lion, panther, cougar and puma are all common names for...

  11. Felis concolor

  12. Purpose for Classification cont. 2. Organizes large amounts of information into manageable levels 3. Reveals evolutionary relationships between organisms

  13. Levels of Classification • DOMAIN • KINGDOM • PHYLUM • CLASS • ORDER • FAMILY • GENUS • SPECIES

  14. Levels of Classification • DOMAIN - The most recently added 8th taxonomic level, which is even more inclusive than a kingdom • There are 3 Domains: • Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

  15. Domain Bacteria • Includes Kingdom Eubacteria

  16. Domain Archaea Includes Kingdom Archaebacteria

  17. Domain Eukarya • Includes Kingdoms Protist, Fungi, Plants and Animals

  18. Levels of Classification • Kingdom – the broadest, most general group into which all organisms are divided • Have similar characteristics such as: cell structure, level of specialization and method of obtaining nutrients

  19. The Six Kingdoms Are… Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

  20. Kingdom Archaebacteria • Unicellular Prokaryotes • Autotrophs or Heterotrophs • Cell Walls • EX: all ancient Bacteria, such as Methanogens, Halophiles

  21. KINGDOM EUBACTERIA • Unicellular Prokaryotes • Heterotrophs or Autotrophs • Cell Walls • EX: Streptococcus, E. Coli, Salmonella

  22. KINGDOM PROTISTA • Unicellular and MulticelluarEukaryotes • Autotrophsand Heterotrophs • Some have cell walls • EX: amoeba, algae, paramecium, euglena

  23. KINGDOM FUNGI • Unicellular or MulticellularEukaryotes • All Heterotrophs • Cell Walls • EX: molds, mildews, yeast, mushroom

  24. KINGDOM PLANTAE • MulticellularEukaryotes • Cell Walls • Autotrophs • EX: mosses, ferns, flowering and cone-bearing plants

  25. KINGDOM ANIMALIA • MulticellularEukaryotes • Heterotrophs • Do not have cell walls • EX: sponges, jellyfish, worms, insects, animals

  26. Levels of Classification • Genus and Species - The most specific unit of classification • Members must be able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring to be classified in the same genus and species

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