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Unit 6

Unit 6 . Civil Rights. Section 1: Citizenship and Immigration. ***Citizens only can vote, hold elected office, and serve on juries. The Constitution and Congress have established the ways people may become U.S. citizens and the ways their citizenship may be lost.

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Unit 6

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  1. Unit 6 Civil Rights

  2. Section 1: Citizenship and Immigration • ***Citizens only can vote, hold elected office, and serve on juries. The Constitution and Congress have established the ways people may become U.S. citizens and the ways their citizenship may be lost.

  3. Becoming a United States Citizen

  4. Becoming a United States Citizen

  5. Video of naturalization in New York City

  6. Denaturalization—Losing Citizenship • Is this possible? • If so, what would a person have to do to be denaturalized?

  7. Section 2: Diversity and Equal Protection • Concern over the number of newcomers coming into the US has led to efforts to restrict immigration. The US has both benefited and suffered from immigration over the years.

  8. Immigration Policies—they have changed over the years • A. Unrestricted immigration • Before late 1800’s—anybody could come to the US • Land • Jobs • Freedom • Competition for land and jobs led to tension around 1900.

  9. B. Immigration Restrictions • Hostility toward immigrants led Congress over time to restrict immigration • 1882—Congress passed a tax on those who entered the country • 1882—Congress passed law that denied entry for convicted criminals • 1882—Congress passed law that banned all Chinese (California—Chinese immigrants took less money to do jobs—this took jobs away from the natives) • 1900—restricted Japanese immigration • 1921 and 1924—set limits for immigrants on each country • Amounts favored western European countries

  10. C. Immigration Policy Today • 1950’s—100 per Asian country allowed • 1965: Immigration and Nationality Act • 290,000/year • 120,000/Western Europe • 170,000/other countries • 1990: Immigration Act—675,000 • Today: many more from Asian and Latin American countries allowed in • Current Immigration Policy in the United States

  11. Pro/Con of Illegal Immigration • D. Illegal immigration • Millions of illegals in US today • Illegal aliens—do not have immigration papers • Deported if caught • Amnesty—general pardon that gov gives to people who have broken a law • Gov has allowed illegal immigrants amnesty—if they can prove they have been here for a certain length, they can be given citizenship • 1996: Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996—increased border patrol and provided for stronger penalties for creating and using false ID papers

  12. A Nation of Diversity • Benefits • Mix of people, culture, and traditions • Foods, music, literature, and celebrations • Creativity • Chinatown, Polish Village, Little Italy • Challenges • Prejudice in hiring, firing, promotions • Discrimination

  13. Section 3: Struggle for Civil Rights • ***Civil rights: powers or privileges that governments grant to individuals to guarantee their equal treatment under the law

  14. Equal Protection of the Law

  15. When is discrimination considered reasonable? 2 guidelines

  16. Links • Strict Scrutiny • Korematsu vs. the United States • Korematsu vs. United States video

  17. Civil Rights and Equal Protection • Civil rights movement—the struggle by minorities and women to gain in practice the rights guaranteed to all citizens by the Constitution

  18. 2 types of segregation

  19. Court cases

  20. Court case links • Plessy vs. Ferguson • Brown vs. Board of Education

  21. Why did the Court reverse its decision?

  22. It was a different time period and people’s attitudes on race changed • There were 9 new justices on the Supreme Court • This case proves that the Constitution is a living document—it changes and grows with the times!!!!!

  23. Section 4: Civil Rights Laws • ***Civil rights movement did not end with victories in court. Marches, speeches, protests and close work with lawmakers have helped keep civil rights movement going

  24. Civil Rights Laws These laws were not enforced, especially in the South.

  25. Nonviolent Protests • 1955 Rosa Parks • Montgomery, Alabama bus boycotts • 1960 sit-ins • Greensboro, NC Woolworth store • They refused to serve African-Americans at the store • Lasted for months • Congress of Racial Equality, 1961 • Freedom Rides • Bus trips from the North to the South to protest segregation • Sometimes, they were attacked by mobs • March on Washington • August, 1963 • Martin Luther King “I have a dream” speech

  26. Changes Take Hold • 1964 Civil Rights Act • Forbade segregation in public places • Schools started to integrate • Called for an end to discrimination in the work place • Hiring, firing, promotions • Voting Rights Act of 1965 • Helped African-Americans equal opportunity of voting • No more literacy tests or poll taxes • Civil Rights Acts of 1968 and 1991 • Prohibited discrimination based on race, national origin, and religion in advertising, financing, sale, and rental of housing • Strengthened protections against discrimination in the workplace

  27. Extending Civil Rights • Hispanic-Americans • Equal rights for this group • Also, more are represented in elected office • American Indians • Asian Americans • People with Disabilities • Women • Equal Pay Act

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