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Klaus Jungmann, Physics at a Megawatt Proto Source, CERN 25 May 2004 Fundamental Symmetries and Interactions. Physics at a Megawatt Proton Source, CERN, May 25-27, 2004. Fundamental Symmetries and Interactions. Klaus Jungmann, Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut,Groningen. What is Fundamental
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Klaus Jungmann, Physics at a Megawatt Proto Source, CERN 25 May 2004 Fundamental Symmetries and Interactions Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Physics at a Megawatt Proton Source, CERN, May 25-27, 2004 Fundamental Symmetries and Interactions Klaus Jungmann, Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut,Groningen • What is Fundamental • Forces and Symmetries • Fundamental Fermions • Discrete Symmetries • Properties of Known Basic Interactions • ~ 1GeV versus ~ 30 GeV proton driver • only scratching some examples
Physics at a Megawatt Proton Source, CERN, May 25-27, 2004 Fundamental Symmetries and Interactions Klaus Jungmann, Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut,Groningen Drawing on : • Work of NuPECC Long Range Plan Working group on Fundamental Interactions, 2003 : K. Jungmann (NL), H. Abele (D), L. Corradi (I), P. Herczeg (USA), I.B. Khriplovich (RU), O. Nviliat (F), N. Severijns (B), L. Simons (CH), C. Weinheimer (D), H.W. Wilschut (NL) H. Leeb (A), C. Bargholtz (S) Assisted by: W. Heil, P. Indelicato, F. Maas, K. Pachucki, R.G Timmermans, C. Volpe, K. Zuber • NSAC Long Range Plan 2002 • EURISOL Physics Case 2004
of NuPECC working group 2003 Recommendations Physics Topics • Theoretical Support • Positions at Universities • Experimentalists and Theorists • High Power Proton Driver • Several MW • Target Research • Cold and Ultracold Neutrons • Low Energy Radioactive Beams • Improved Trapping Facilities • Underground Facilities Adequate Environment Human resources Facilities • The Nature of Neutrinos • Oscillations/ Masses/ 0n2b-decay • T and CP Violation • edm’s, D (R) coeff. in b-decays, D0 • Rare and Forbidden Decays • 0n2b-decay, n-nbar, M-Mbar, meg, • m 3e, m N N e • Correlations in b-decay • non V-A in b-decay • Unitarity of CKM-Matrix • n-, p-b, (superallowed b), K-decays • Parity Nonconservation in Atoms • Cs, Fr, Ra, Ba+, Ra+ • CPT Conservation • n, e, p, m • Precision Studies within The Standard Model • Constants, QCD,QED, Nuclear Structure Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Relating to a MW Proton Machine Recommendations Physics Topics • Theoretical Support • Positions at Universities • Experimentalists and Theorists • High Power Proton Driver • Several MW • Target Research • Cold and Ultracold Neutrons • Low Energy Radioactive Beams • Improved Trapping Facilities • Underground Facilities Adequate Environment Human resources Facilities • The Nature of Neutrinos • Oscillations/ Masses/ 0n2b-decay • T and CP Violation • edm’s, D (R) coeff. in b-decays, D0 • Rare and Forbidden Decays • 0n2b-decay, n-nbar, M-Mbar, meg, • m 3e, m N N e • Correlations in b-decay • non V-A in b-decay • Unitarity of CKM-Matrix • n-, p-b, (superallowed b), K-decays • Parity Nonconservation in Atoms • Cs, Fr, Ra, Ba+, Ra+ • CPT Conservation • n, e, p,m • Precision Studies within The Standard Model • Constants, QCD,QED, Nuclear Structure Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
fundamental := “ forming a foundation or basis, a principle, law etc. serving as a basis” [Webbster’s New World] What are we concerned with ? • Physicists in general: have always a tendency to put their own activities as fundamental renormalization of meaning • Albert Einstein: > I would like to know how God has made the world. I am notinterested inone or another phenomenon, notinterested in thespectrum ofone or another element. I would like to knowHis Thoughts, everything else are just details.< resembles literal meaning, i.e. basic, not deducible law Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
? Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Forces and Symmetries • Local Symmetries Forces • fundamental interactions • Global Symmetries Conservation Laws • energy • momentum • electric charge • lepton number • baryon number • ….. ? What are we concerned with ? fundamental := “ forming a foundation or basis a principle, law etc. serving as a basis” Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Standard Model • 3 Fundamental Forces • ElectromagneticWeak Strong • 12 Fundamental Fermions • Quarks, Leptons • 13 Gauge Bosons • g,W+, W-, Z0, H, 8 Gluons ? What are we concerned with ? fundamental := “ forming a foundation or basis a principle, law etc. serving as a basis” • However • many open questions • Why 3 generations ? • Why some 30 Parameters? • Why CP violation ? • Why us? • ….. • Gravitynot included • No Combind Theory of • Gravity and Quantum Mechanics Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Gravitation Gravitation Electro - Electro - Magnetism Magnetism Magnetism Magnetism Maxwell Electricity Electricity ? ? Physics within the Standard Model Glashow, Salam, t'Hooft, Veltman,Weinberg Weak Weak Electro - Weak Electro - Weak Standard Model Standard Model Strong Strong Grand Grant Unification Unification not yet known? not yet known? Fundamental Interactions – Standard Model Physics outside Standard Model Searches for New Physics Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Fundamental Fermions • Neutrinos • Neutrino Oscillations • Neutrino Masses • Quarks • Unitarity of CKM Matrix • Rare decays • Baryon Number • Lepton Number/Lepton Flavour • New Interactions in Nuclear and Muon b-Decay Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Fundamental Fermions • Neutrinos • Neutrino Oscillations • Neutrino Masses • Quarks • Unitarity of CKM Matrix • Rare decays • Baryon Number • Lepton Number/Lepton Flavour • New Interactions in Nuclear and Muon b-Decay Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Superkamiokande SNO Neutrino-Experiments • Recent observations could be explained by oscillations of massive neutrinos. • Many Remaining Problems • really oscillations ? • sensitive to Dm2 • Masses of Neutrino • Nature of Neutrino • Dirac • Majorana • Neutrinoless Double b-Decay • Direct Mass Measurements • are indicated Spectrometer • Long Baseline Experiments • new neutrino detectors ? Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Direction sensitivity for • low energies ? • Air shower ? • Salt Domes ? Neutrino-Experiments Are there new detection schemes ? • Water Cherenkov • Scintillators Only for Non- Accelerator Neutrinos ? Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Fundamental Fermions • Neutrinos • Neutrino Oscillations • Neutrino Masses • Quarks • Unitarity of CKM Matrix • Rare decays • Baryon Number • Lepton Number/Lepton Flavour • New Interactions in Nuclear and Muon b-Decay Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
CKM Matrix couples weak and mass quark eigenstaes: Often found: 0.221(6) 0.9739(5) Nuclear b-decays D = 0.0032 (14) ? Unitarity: -D • Neutron decay • = 0.0083(28) • = 0.0043(27) -D Unitarity of Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix If you pick your favourite Vus ! Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Experimental Possibilities Nuclear b-decays D = 0.0032 (14) ? • Neutron decay • = 0.0083(28) • = 0.0043(27) Unitarity of Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
CKM Unitarity • May relate to New Physics • Heavy Quark Mixing, Z‘,Extra Dimensions, Charged Higgs, • SUSY, exotic muon decays, ... , more generations ! • Unfortunatetly: Situation is a mess ! • Vud :superallowed b-decays 0.9740(3)(4) • neutron decay 0.9729(4)(11)(4) • pion-b decay 0.9737(39)(2) • Vus : Hyperons D = 0.0019 (16) • K+e3 D = 0.0014 (17) • K0e3 D = 0.0054 (14)Problem ! • What can be done? • Improve reliability of experiments independently pion- b decay (theory clean!) , neutron- decay • Analyse existing K data, K3e experiments • Search for exotic muon decays • Improve Theory Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Fundamental Fermions • Neutrinos • Neutrino Oscillations • Neutrino Masses • Quarks • Unitarity of CKM Matrix • Rare decays • Baryon Number • Lepton Number/Lepton Flavour • New Interactions in Nuclear and Muon b-Decay Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Muon Physics Possibilities at Any High Power Proton Driver i.e. 4 MW Muon Experiments Possible at a CERN Neutrino Factory - Expected Improvements Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Fundamental Fermions • Neutrinos • Neutrino Oscillations • Neutrino Masses • Quarks • Unitarity of CKM Matrix • Rare decays • Baryon Number • Lepton Number/Lepton Flavour • New Interactions in Nuclear and Muon b-Decay Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Vector [Tensor] Scalar [Axial vector] b+ ne b+ ne New Interactions in Nuclear and Muon b-Decay In Standard Model: Weak Interaction is V-A In general b-decay could be also S , P, T Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Discrete Symmetries • Parity • Parity Nonconservation in Atoms • Nuclear Anapole Moments • Parity Violation in Electron-Scattering • Time Reversal and CP-Violation • Electric Dipole Moments • R and D Coefficients in b-Decay • CPT Invariance Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Discrete Symmetries • Parity • Parity Nonconservation in Atoms • Nuclear Anapole Moments • Parity Violation in Electron-Scattering • Time Reversal and CP-Violation • Electric Dipole Moments • R and D Coefficients in b-Decay • CPT Invariance Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Beautiful confirmation of Standard Model in the past ! • Only little chances to contribute to forefront (except leptoquark scenarios) • Usefull for measureing neutron distributions • Usefull to explore e.g. anapole moments Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Discrete Symmetries • Parity • Parity Nonconservation in Atoms • Nuclear Anapole Moments • Parity Violation in Electron-Scattering • Time Reversal and CP-Violation • Electric Dipole Moments • R and D Coefficients in b-Decay • CPT Invariance Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
1.610-27 • • 199Hg Radium potential Start TRIP de (SM) < 10-37 Some EDM Experiments compared Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
EDMs – Where do they come from ?(are they just “painted“ to particles? Why different experiments? ) • electron intrinsic ? • quark intrinsic ? • muon second generation different ? • neutron/ proton from quark EDM ? property of strong interactions ? new interactions ? • deuteron basic nuclear forces CP violating? pion exchange ? • 6Li many body nuclear mechanism ? • heavy nuclei (e.g. Ra, Fr) enhancement by CP-odd nuclear forces, nuclear “shape“ • atoms can have large enhancement, sensitive to electron or nucleus EDMs • molecules large enhancement factors , sensitive to electron EDM • ..... Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
How does a ring edm experiment work ? • Exploit huge motional electric fields for relativistic particles in high magnetic fields • stop g-2 precession • observe spin rotation • Concept works • also for (certain) • Nuclei: d, 6Li, 213Fr, . . N+ N+ N+ One needs for a successful experiment: • polarized, fast beam • magnetic storage ring • polarimeter For muons exploit decay asymmetry • One could use -decay • In general: any sensitive polarimeter works N+ Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Some Candidate Nuclei Nucleus Spin J /N Reduced Anomaly a T 1/2 13957La 7/2 +2.789 -0.0305 12351Sb 7/2 2.550 -0.1215 13755Cs 7/2 +2.8413 0.0119 30y 22387Fr 3/2 +1.17 <0.02 22 min 63Li 1 +0.8220 -0.1779 21H 1 +0.8574 -0.1426 7532Ge 1/2 +0.510 +0.195 82.8 m 15769Tm 1/2 +0.476 0.083 3.6 m Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
TimeReversalViolationin -decay: Correlation measurements • R andDtestboth Time Reversal Violation • D most potential • R scalar and tensor (EDM, a) • technique D measurements yield a, A, b, B Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Discrete Symmetries • Parity • Parity Nonconservation in Atoms • Nuclear Anapole Moments • Parity Violation in Electron-Scattering • Time Reversal and CP-Violation • Electric Dipole Moments • R and D Coefficients in b-Decay • CPT Invariance Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Lepton Magnetic Anomalies in CPT and Lorentz Non - Invariant Models | | - m m - 0 0 18 CPT tests K K = £ r 10 K m 0 K - - | g g | | a a | - + - + - - 3 12 e e e e = = × × £ × r 1.2 10 2 10 e g a avg avg ? ? Are they comparable - Which one is appropriate • often quoted: • K0- K0 mass difference (10-18) • e- - e+ g- factors (2* 10-12) • We need an interaction • with a finite strength! Use common ground, e.g. energies Þ generic CPT and Lorentz violating DIRAC equation 1 n μ μ μ μν μ μ ν ψ - - - - + + = (i γ D m a γ b γ γ H σ ic γ D id γ γ D ) 0 μ μ μ 5 μν μν μν 5 2 º ¶ - iD i qA m μ μ a , b break CPT a , b , c , d , H break Lorentz Invariance μ μ μ μ μν μν μν Leptons in External Magnetic Field - + l l l = - » - Δω ω ω 4b a a a 3 - + l l - | E E | Δω h spin up spin down a = » r l - 2 l m c E l spin up 57 Bluhm , Kostelecky, Russell, Phys. Rev. D ,3932 (1998) For g - 2 Experiments : - | a a | ω h = × c - + l l r l 2 a m c avg l Dehmelt, Mittleman,Van Dyck, Schwinberg, hep - ph/9906262 Þ - - 21 24 £ × £ × r 1.2 10 r 3.5 10 electron muon μ e : : CPT– Violation Lorentz Invariance Violation • What is best CPT test ? • New Ansatz (Kostelecky) • K0 10-18 GeV/c2 • n 10-30 GeV/c2 • p 10-24 GeV/c2 • e 10-27 GeV/c2 • m 10-23GeV/c2 • Future: • Anti hydrogen 10-18 GeV/c2 Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
CPT and Lorentz Invariance from Muon Experiments Muonium: new interaction below 2* 10-23 GeV Muon g-2: new interaction below 4* 10-22 GeV (CERN) 15 times better expected from BNL V.W. Hughes et al., Phys.Rev. Lett. 87, 111804 (2001) Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Properties of Known Basic Interactions • Electromagnetism and Fundamental Constants • QED, Lamb Shift • Muonium and Muon g-2 • Muonic Hydrogen and Proton Radius • Exotic Atoms • Does aQED vary with time? • QCD • Strong Interaction Shift • Scattering Lengths • Gravity • Hints of strings/Membranes? Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Properties of Known Basic Interactions • Electromagnetism and Fundamental Constants • QED, Lamb Shift • Muonium and Muon g-2 • Muonic Hydrogen and Proton Radius • Exotic Atoms • Does aQED vary with time? • QCD • Strong Interaction Shift • Scattering Lengths • Gravity • Hints of strings/Membranes? Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Muon g-2 “Proton Radius” Muonic Hydrogen Lamb Shift Newest Theory Offer: 2.4 s from Experiment Strong Interaction Shift Pionic Hydrogen Properties of known Basic Interactions • Search for New Physics • What are the hardronic corrections? • e++e- hadrons • e++e- g + hadrons • New activities Planned • statistics limited experiment • J-PARC, BNL • Fundamental constants needed • Muonium Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Properties of Known Basic Interactions • Electromagnetism and Fundamental Constants • QED, Lamb Shift • Muonium and Muon g-2 • Muonic Hydrogen and Proton Radius • Exotic Atoms • Does aQED vary with time? • QCD • Strong Interaction Shift • Scattering Lengths • Gravity • Hints of strings/Membranes? Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Time Variation of a Idea (Webb, Flambaum et al.): Relativistic Corrections to atomic level energies DErel Za2[(j+1/2)-1 -C(j,l)] i.e. > 0 or < 0, depending on atom and state • New Atomic Physics laboratory experiments: • a ‘stable‘ at this level • Observation may be due to not understood astrophysics. • Nevertheless: • Are other Constants and Ratios of Constants stable in time? • Are the parameters of fundamental fermion families stable ? Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Properties of Known Basic Interactions • Electromagnetism and Fundamental Constants • QED, Lamb Shift • Muonium and Muon g-2 • Muonic Hydrogen and Proton Radius • Exotic Atoms • Does aQED vary with time? • QCD • Strong Interaction Shift • Scattering Lengths • Gravity • Hints of strings/Membranes? Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Standing Waves of Ultra Cold Neutrons in a gravitational field Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Standing Waves of Ultra Cold Neutrons Non Newtonian Gravity Grenoble Gatchina Heidelberg Cern Best Test 1 to 5 mm Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Recommendations Physics Topics High power Proton Driver ~ 1GeV 30 GeV - - • The Nature of Neutrinos • Oscillations/ Masses/ 0n2b-decay • T and CP Violation • edm’s, D (R) coeff. in b-decays, D0 • Rare and Forbidden Decays • 0n2b-decay, n-nbar, M-Mbar, meg, • m 3e, m N N e • Correlations in b-decay • non V-A in b-decay • Unitarity of CKM-Matrix • n-, p-b, (superallowed b), K-decays • Parity Nonconservation in Atoms • Cs, Fr, Ra, Ba+, Ra+ • CPT Conservation • n, e, p,m • Precision Studies within The Standard Model • Constants, QCD,QED, Nuclear Structure Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Conclusion Particle Physics –Nuclear Physics ? • Gregory Breit, • when asked at Yale whether a new colleague should be • an atomic theorist, a nuclear theorist, an astrophyscist • or work in the then new field of particle physics: • > There are only Good Theorists and bad ones < • Accordingly: • It‘s time to build jointly a powerfull machine to serve Good Physics. A Megawatt Proton Driver has a Large Potential to serve Good Physics, particularly in the merging fields of nuclear, particle and astro-physics. Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Thank YOU ! Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source
Physics with a Multi-MWProton Source