Modernism

1. Modernism Peter Cruz, Bradley Dorsey, Allan Balcita, Jeremiah Napoles

2. What is Modernism? • Just like the name itself Modernism has to do with the rejection of old ideas due to the advances within the modern time . • It is the result of the new industrial world and changing social conditions. • During this era people began to stray away from old traditions seen in literature and art and moved into the new direction guided by innovations at the time.

3. Background • 1890-1950 • WWI and WWII occurred during this time period. • Many advances were made in science and technology at the time as well. • Poets aimed to challenge past ideas with new techniques in literature. • Poets tended to be pessimistic due to the global shocks within this era.

4. Modernism Poetry Techniques • Rejects classical techniques • Some themes include: human nature, freedom, spirituality, individuality, isolation and loneliness • Often used multiple perspectives • Still used traditional techniques such as: allusions and metaphors • Techniques varied widely as each poet had their own distinct style • Usually was not structured in stanzas; mainly free verse

5. EE Cummings • Born October 14, 1894, and died September 3, 1962. • Full name: Edward Estin Cummings • Was a professor of Sociology and Political Science at Harvard University. • Left Harvard to become an ordained minister of the South Congregational Church. • Spent his childhood attending Cambridge public schools, where he got inspiration to write his most famous poem, “In Just-” • Was a poet, painter, essayist, author, and playright • Experiments with form, punctuation, spelling, and syntax • Abandons original techniques for those of his own

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7. r-p-o-p-h-e-s-s-a-g-r Analysis • Literary Techniques: Concrete Structure, Free Verse, Symbolism • “Grasshopper, who, as we look, now upgathering into himself, leaps, arriving to become, rearrangingly, a grasshopper.“ • When the reader has reviewed the entire poem once or twice, he recreates in his mind the very effect of a grasshopper leaping. • This effect is partially produced by the fact that the syllables of "grasshopper" are rearranged acrostically four times (including the normal spelling); partially by the distribution of parentheses, punctuation marks, and capitals; and partially by the joining, splitting, and spacing of words.

8. r-p-o-p-h-e-s-s-a-g-r Analysis (cont.) • Regulating the reader’s mind on HOW they interpret and read the poem themselves. • Many interpret this poem several ways:

9. r-p-o-p-h-e-s-s-a-g-r Analysis (cont.)

10. Wallace Stevens • Born October 2, 1879 • Attended Harvard University from 1896- 1900 • Famous Poems include: • Valley Candle • Anecdote of a Jar • Sunday Morning • The Emperor of Ice Cream

11. Anecdote of a Jar Anecdote of a Jar I placed a jar in Tennessee, And round it was, upon a hill. It made the slovenly wilderness Surround that hill. The wilderness rose up to it, And sprawled around, no longer wild. The jar was round upon the ground And tall and of a port in air.

12. Anecdote of a Jar It took dominion everywhere. The jar was gray and bare. It did not give of bird or bush, Like nothing else in Tennessee.

13. TPSFAST T- The story of the jar (Jar symbolizing mankind) P- A jar is placed on the hill, completely alone, with nature completely surrounding it, as if it was completely controlling the jar. Nature thinks it has complete power over the it, but the jar just sits there, as if it doesn't care about nature. S- The tone of poem at the start is showing loneliness, towards the end it becomes more positive F- It uses personification and imagery and symbolism: Personification in each stanza. Jar symbolizing mankind

14. TPSFAST cont. A- The author’s tone about it is simplistic and positive. S- Structure is free verse, 3 stanzas T- The poem is basically like a story of mankind. In the early years, we were more vulnerable to nature in every way. But in the present, We have more control over nature in ways that we are able to predict natural disasters before they actually happen and well are able to protect ourselves from the weather. Theme- Although nature is always around us, it won't affect our lives in a negative way.

15. T.S. Eliot • Born September 26, 1888 and died January 4, 1965 • Read a lot growing up, which led to him to begin writing at age 14 • Later moved to England and became a citizen • Worked as an editor and director for a publishing house • Very religious, was reflected in many of his poems • Notable works: The Wasteland, The Hollow Men, Ash Wednesday, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock

16. Cousin Nancy Miss Nancy Ellicott Strode across the hills and broke them, Rode across the hills and broke them — The barren New England hills — Riding to hounds Over the cow-pasture. Miss Nancy Ellicott smoked And danced all the modern dances; And her aunts were not quite sure how they felt about it, But they knew that it was modern. Upon the glazen shelves kept watch Matthew and Waldo, guardians of the faith, The army of unalterable law.

17. Hilda Doolittle (H.D) 1886-1961 • Born September 10, 1886 • Attended University of Pennsylvania • Her poetry was largely ignored due to inequality during her time. • Famous Works include: • Helen in Egypt • The Helmsman • Pear Tree • Sea Rose

18. Hilda Doolittle • An imagist and modernist poet • Used the name H.D to attain a wide audience since women were not accepted as writers at the time. • Her style involves the use of strong images to articulate her ideas. • Used her writings to convey her strong feministic principles to the readers. • Themes include: women strength, human relationships with the changing world, equality between the sexes, and peace to the war stricken world.

19. Sea Rose Rose, harsh rose, marred and with stint of petals, meagre flower, thin, sparse of leaf, more precious than a wet rose single on a stem— you are caught in the drift.

20. Sea Rose Stunted, with small leaf, you are flung on the sand, you are lifted in the crisp sand that drives in the wind. Can the spice-rose drip such acrid fragrance hardened in a leaf?

21. Sea Rose Analysis • Literary Techniques used include: diction, symbols and imagery. • Symbols: • I believe she uses the rose as a symbol of a women. It describes the appearance of the rose through hardships it faced. This relation is like that of a women suffering the unequal treatment during this time. • Diction • She uses certain words like harsh and meagre to give off a feeling of bitterness that the rose goes through. This feeling gives off a sympathetic mood in the poem. Then a shift changes as she adds in “precious” which conveys an attitude of admiration of the perseverance the rose exhibits although it faces these obstacles. • Imagery: - As an imagist, Hilda uses the picture of a rose to discuss the theme of the poem itself. She discusses the strength women have although they are limited by society. The images she uses are also used to showcase the idea of the hardships women face.

22. Modernist Art

23. AP Style Prompts • Read the following poem carefully. Then, in a well-organized essay, analyze how the speaker uses diction and symbolism to reveal her attitude toward the idea of equality between sexes. • Read the following poem carefully. Then write an essay in which you discuss how literary devices such as imagery, diction, and symbolism convey the overall idea of isolation in human nature.

24. Poetry Lesson Now it’s your turn. Take about 5-10 minutes to create a poem based on the modernist style. Use one of the following themes: -Loneliness -Freedom -Isolation -Individuality

25. Poetry Quiz • All of the following are modernist poetry themes EXCEPT: A. Loneliness B. Individuality C. Righteousness D. Human Nature

26. Poetry Quiz 2. When did the Modernist movement begin? A. 1945- 2009 B. 1890- 1950 C. 1650- 1700 D. 1600- 1650

27. Poetry Quiz 3. What war occurred during the Modernist movement? A. WWI B. Vietnam War C. Civil War D. Korean War

28. Poetry Quiz 4. How were women viewed as writers during this time? A. They were greatly admired B. They were equally admired to male writers C. They were not accepted as writers D. None of the above

29. Poetry Quiz 5. Which of the following is not a Modernist poet? A. Oscar Wilde B. Hilda Doolittle C. T.S Eliot D. Both A and C

30. Resources • http://www.poets.org/ • http://www.poetryfoundation.org/learning/glossary-term/Modernism • http://www.bachelorandmaster.com/literaryterms/modernist-poetry.html • http://www.online-literature.com/periods/modernism.php