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Formal Commands!

Formal Commands!. Ten-Hut! In this presentation, you will learn about making commands in Spanish. Commands in English… . … are pretty easy. You just use a base verb form (without a subject, since it’s always “you”) to tell people what they should do: Stand up! Sit down! Do your homework!

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Formal Commands!

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  1. Formal Commands! • Ten-Hut! • In this presentation, you will learn about making commands in Spanish.

  2. Commands in English… … are pretty easy. You just use a base verb form (without a subject, since it’s always “you”) to tell people what they should do: • Stand up! • Sit down! • Do your homework! • Take out the garbage! • Be quiet!

  3. Commands in English… … and what they shouldn’t do: • Don’t write in your books! • Don’t speak English in Spanish class! • Don’t be silly!

  4. Commands in Spanish… … are little more complicated because we have so many ways of saying “you”: • Tú: informal, singular • Vosotros: informal, plural • Ud.: formal, singular • Uds.: formal, plural • However, we will concentrate on the formal commands only.

  5. Let’s look at a few examples! • Hable despacio, por favor. • ¡Repita, por favor.! • Siéntese Ud. aquí. • Entreguen Uds. la tarea. • Hagan el ejercicio B. • No hagan el ejercicio A. • ¡No se levante Ud.! • ¡No corran en la clase!

  6. Hable despacio, por favor. • The speaker is talking to one person. • Can you figure out how we got the form “hable”? • Take the “yo” form of the present: HABLO • Drop the –o: HABL- • “Hablar” is an –AR verb, so add –E to form the command:HABLE

  7. Repita, por favor. • The speaker is talking to one person. • Can you figure out how we got the form “repita”? • Take the “yo” form of the present: REPITO • Drop the –o: REPIT- • “Repetir” is an –IR verb, so add –A to form the command:REPITA

  8. Opposite vowels • Think of the verb adding the “opposite vowel”: • AR verbs add an –E. • ER & IR verbs add an –A.

  9. Let’s try a couple! • Comer: ¡______ Ud.! • ¡Coma Ud.! • Escribir: ¡_____ Ud.! • ¡Escriba Ud.! • Tomar: ¡_____ Ud.! • ¡Tome Ud.! • Entregar: ¡_____ la tarea! • ¡Entregue la tarea! • Note the spelling change because of the final –g sound.

  10. Uds… • Entreguen Uds. la tarea. • Right! Just add an –N to the command form when you are talking to more than one person.

  11. Let’s try a couple more! • Comer: ¡______ Uds.! • ¡Coman Uds.! • Escribir: ¡_____ Uds.! • ¡Escriban Uds.! • Tomar: ¡_____ Uds.! • ¡Tomen Uds.! • Comenzar: ¡_____ el examen! • ¡Comiencen el examen! • Note the spelling change because of the final –z.

  12. ¡Levántese! • What about reflexive verbs? • ¡Levántese! / ¡Siéntese! • In affirmative commands, all objects are attached to the end of the verb. • Levante + se • Levanten + se

  13. ¡No! • How do we make negative commands in Spanish? • ¡No fume! • ¡No tome café! • ¡No coma tanto! • Right – simply put the word NO in front of the command form.

  14. ¡No se levante! • What about reflexive verbs? • ¡No se levante! ¡No se siénte! • In negative commands, all objects precede the verb. • No se levante. • No se levanten. • No se siente. • No se sienten.

  15. Some irregulars • What would a lesson be without a few irregulars to make it interesting?? Can you guess where these forms come from? • Haga la tarea. • Tenga paciencia. • Salga ahora. • Vuelva a casa. • Piense bien. • ¡Sé bueno! • ¡Esté tranquila!

  16. ¿Qué pasa? • Haga la tarea. • Hacer > yo hago > -o + -a • Tenga paciencia. • Tener > yo tengo > -o + -a • Salga ahora. • Salir > yo salgo > - o + -a • Vuelva a casa. • Volver > yo vuelvo > -o + -a • Piense bien. • Pensar > yo pienso > -o + -e • These verbs follow the same formula: start with the yo form, drop the –o, and add the opposite vowel.

  17. Sé, esté, dé, sepa, vaya • These five verbs are very irregular for a good reason: • Ser > yo soy • Estar > yo estoy • Dar > yo doy • Saber > yo sé • Ir > yo voy • The yo form does not end in an –o, so there is no –o to drop when forming the command form.

  18. ¡Terminemos por ahora! • That’s all for now, but learn this concept well – the command form will be very important when we learn about our last verb form this semester – the subjunctive.

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