Research Opportunities in the DOE Office of Science

1. U.S. Department of EnergyOffice of Science Research Opportunities in the DOE Office of Science Overview To the University of Texas System Research and Policy Conference 2008 Dr. Julie Carruthers, Office of Science November 19, 2008 www.science.doe.gov Download this talk at http://www.science.doe.gov/SC-2/Deputy_Director-speeches-presentations.htm

2. The DOE is a mission agency with responsibilities in energy, environment, and national security. The Office of Science supports research within the DOE mission at universities and national laboratories. The Office of Science also plans, builds, and operates user facilities for the scientific community. The Office of Science supports basic research in support of the DOE mission.

4. Fiscal Year 2009 DOE Budget Request to Congress Corporate Management $1.1B Science $4.7B National Security $9.1B Energy $3.9B Environmental $6.2B

5. The research programs and the scientific tools and facilities that are supported by the Office of Science collectively undertake major scientific and technological challenges of great scale with great impact on science and society. Transformational Science Advancing the frontiers of knowledge and scientific breakthroughs that will revolutionize our approach to energy, environment, and national security challenges National Scientific Facilities Providing the nation’s researchers with state-of-the-art scientific user facilities – the large machines of modern science A Scientific Workforce for the Nation’s Future Supporting, training, and educating the Nation’s current and future scientific & technical workforce: Ph.D.’s, post-docs, graduate students, and science educators Office of Science (SC)

6. Advanced Scientific Computing ResearchDiscover, develop, and deploy the computational and networking tools that enable researchers in the scientific disciplines to analyze, model, simulate, and predict complex phenomena important to the DOE. Biological and Environmental ResearchAdvance world-class biological and environmental research programs and scientific user facilities to support DOE’s energy, environment, and basic research missions. Basic Energy SciencesSupport fundamental research to expand the scientific foundations for new and improved energy technologies and for understanding and mitigating the environmental impacts of energy use. Fusion Energy SciencesAdvance the fundamental science of plasmas and develop the knowledge needed to create a sustainable fusion energy source. High Energy PhysicsUnderstand how our universe works at its most fundamental level by discovering the most elementary constituents of matter and energy, probing the interactions between them, and exploring the basic nature of space and time itself. Nuclear PhysicsDiscover, explore, and understand all possible forms of nuclear matter. Workforce Development for Teachers and ScientistsHelp ensure that DOE and the Nation have a sustained pipeline of highly trained STEM workers. The Office of Science supports research and facilities within defined scientific programs

7. Office of Science User Facilities • Four operating synchrotron light sources, and two next-generation light sources • Three neutron sources • Particle accelerators/colliders for high energy and nuclear physics • Fusion/plasma facilities, including ITER which aims to demonstrate the feasibility of fusion energy • Joint Genome Institute – for rapid whole genome sequencing • Three Bioenergy Research Centers • Five Nanoscale Science Research Centers – assembly of capabilities unmatched in the world • Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory – integrated experimental resources for discovery and innovation in the environmental molecular sciences • Advanced computational resources – terascale to petascale computing and networks for open science

9. The Office of Science is a steward for 10 of 17 DOE national labs and operates more than 30 major scientific user facilities. SC provides over 40% of Federal support for the physical sciences. Approximately 1/2 of the budget supports operations of the scientific user facilities and construction of new facilities; the other 1/2 supports research at the national laboratories and universities. About 1/3 of Office of Science research funding goes to support grants at more than 300 colleges and universities nationwide. In FY 2009 SC plans to support the research of ~23,700 faculty, postdoctoral researchers, graduate students, and undergraduates. ~20,000 users of scientific facilities a year: ~1/2 of the annual 20,000 facility users come from universities; ~1/3 of the users come from DOE national laboratories; the remaining come from industry, other agencies, and international entities. Office of Science Numbers

10. Science Programs FY 2009 Budget Request to Congress

11. Office of Science FY 2009 Budget Request to Congress

12. DOE Office of Science Facilities and Universities Supported

13. Merit Review Criteria*: Scientific and/or technical merit of the project Appropriateness of the proposed method or approach Competency of the personnel and adequacy of proposed resources Reasonableness and appropriateness of the proposed budget * From 10 C.F.R. 605 Competitive Award Process All research funded at laboratories and universities, including facilities construction and operations, is awarded through a peer-reviewed, merit-based process. The Office of Science has ~3000 active grants, entertaining ~2000 new and renewal applications per year.

14. Establishing Long-term Scientific Research Directions DOE Mission Needs • Energy security, national security, science-driven technology revolutions, • keeping our commitments Workshops • Engaging the broader scientific community to identify opportunities Scientific Advisory Committees • Independent advice and external review of programs and management National Priorities • Nanotechnology, high-speed computing, advanced energy, climate change, U.S. competitiveness and innovation

15. “Basic Research Needs” Workshops • Basic Research Needs to Assure a Secure Energy FutureBESAC Workshop, October 21-25, 2002The foundation workshop that set the model for the focused workshops that follow. • Basic Research Needs for the Hydrogen EconomyBES Workshop, May 13-15, 2003 • Nanoscience Research for Energy NeedsBES and the National Nanotechnology Initiative, March 16-18, 2004 • Basic Research Needs for Solar Energy UtilizationBES Workshop, April 18-21, 2005 • Advanced Computational Materials Science: Application to Fusionand Generation IV Fission ReactorsBES, ASCR, FES, and NE Workshop, March 31-April 2, 2004 • The Path to Sustainable Nuclear Energy: Basic and Applied Research Opportunities for Advanced Fuel CyclesBES, NP, and ASCR Workshop, September 2005 • Basic Research Needs for SuperconductivityBES Workshop, May 8-10, 2006 • Basic Research Needs for Solid-state LightingBES Workshop, May 22-24, 2006 • Basic Research Needs for Advanced Nuclear Energy SystemsBES Workshop, July 31-August 3, 2006 • Basic Research Needs for the Clean and Efficient Combustion of 21st Century Transportation FuelsBES Workshop, October 30-November 1, 2006 • Basic Research Needs for Geosciences: Facilitating 21st Century Energy SystemsBES Workshop, February 21-23, 2007 • Basic Research Needs for Electrical Energy StorageBES Workshop, April 2-5, 2007 • Basic Research Needs for Materials under Extreme EnvironmentsBES Workshop, June 10-14, 2007 • Basic Research Needs for Catalysis for EnergyBES Workshop, August 5-10, 2007 Reports available at http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/list.html

16. Grand Challenges Discovery and Use-Inspired Basic ResearchHow nature worksMaterials properties and functionalities by design Applied Research Technology Maturation & Deployment • Controlling materials processes at the level of quantum behavior of electrons • Atom- and energy-efficient syntheses of new forms of matter with tailored properties • Emergent properties from complex correlations of atomic and electronic constituents • Man-made nanoscale objects with capabilities rivaling those of living things • Controlling matter very far away from equilibrium • Basic research for fundamental new understanding on materials or systems that may revolutionize or transform today’s energy technologies • Development of new tools, techniques, and facilities, including those for the scattering sciences and for advanced modeling and computation • Basic research, often with the goal of addressing showstoppers on real-world applications in the energy technologies • Research with the goal of meeting technical milestones, with emphasis on the development, performance, cost reduction, and durability of materials and components or on efficient processes • Proof of technology concepts • Scale-up research • At-scale demonstration • Cost reduction • Prototyping • Manufacturing R&D • Deployment support BESAC & BES Basic Research Needs Workshops DOE Technology Office/Industry Roadmaps BESAC Grand Challenges Panel BES Energy Frontier Research Centers Tackling our Energy Challenges in a New Era of Science Basic—Applied Continuum:How Nature Works … to … Materials by Design … to … Technologies for the 21st Century BES: The Office of Basic Energy Sciences; BESAC: Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee

17. Focus:Discover, develop, and deploy the computational and networking tools that enable researchers in the scientific disciplines to analyze, model, simulate, and predict complex phenomena important to the DOE. Research Program Areas: Applied Mathematics Computer Science Advanced Networking Computational Science (Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing, SciDAC) High Performance Computing Prototypes User Facilities and Networks: National Energy Research Scientific Computing Facility (NERSC) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) Leadership Computing Facility at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) Leadership Computing Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Energy Sciences Network (ESnet) Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) Areas of Emphasis

18. Focus: BER supports observational, experimental, theoretical, and computational research in complex systems science to support DOE missions in bioenergy, climate, and subsurface science, and to explore the interface of biology and physics, including: Development biofuels as a major secure national energy resource Understanding relationships between climate change and Earth’s ecosystems, and assess options for carbon sequestration Predicting fate and transport of subsurface contaminants Developing new tools to explore the interface of biological and physical sciences Research Program Areas: Genomics: GTL – systems biology on microbes and plants for energy and environmental applications; Bioenergy Research Centers; Structural Biology Low Dose Radiation Radiochemistry, Imaging & Instrumentation Climate Change Research Environmental Remediation Science Program Scientific User Facilities: Joint Genome Institute (Walnut Creek, CA) Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (PNNL) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility (Multi-institution partnership) Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Areas of Emphasis

19. Focus:Support fundamental research to expand the scientific foundations for new and improved energy technologies and for understanding and mitigating the environmental impacts of energy use. BES’s central tenet is that discovery science is at the foundation of innovation and future technologies. BES basic research touches virtually every aspect of energy resources, production, conversion, transmission, storage, efficiency, and waste mitigation. Research Program Areas: Basic Energy Sciences (BES) Areas of Emphasis • Chemical Science, Geosciences, and Biosciences • Fundamental Interactions • Photo- & Bio-Chemistry • Chemical Transformations • Scientific User Facilities • Accelerator and Detector R&D • Materials Sciences and Engineering • Condensed Matter & Materials Physics • Materials Discovery, Design, & Synthesis • Scattering & Instrumentation Sciences Scientific User Facilities: • Four synchrotron radiation light sources • Advanced Light Source; Advanced Photon Source; National Synchrotron Light Source; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory • Three neutron scattering facilities • Spallation Neutron Source; High Flux Isotope Reactor; Manuel Lujan Jr. Neutron Scattering Center • Five nanoscale science research centers • Center for Nanoscale Materials; Center for Functional Nanomaterials; The Molecular Foundry; Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences; Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies • Two facilities under construction • Linac Coherent Light Source; National Synchrotron Light Source II

20. Focus:Understand how our universe works at its most fundamental level by discovering the most elementary constituents of matter and energy, probing the interactions between them, and exploring the basic nature of space and time itself To enable these discoveries, HEP supports theoretical and experimental research in elementary particle physics focused on three frontiers: the Energy Frontier; the Intensity Frontier; and the Cosmic Frontier; fundamental accelerator science and technology; operation of scientific user facilities; development, design, and construction of the next generation of facilities; and international and interagency collaborations Research Program Areas: Proton Accelerator Based Research Electron Accelerator Based Research Non-Accelerator Physics (including ground-based and space-based detectors) Theoretical Physics Large Hadron Collider Support Accelerator R&D Scientific User Facilities: Tevatron Collider and NuMI facilities at Fermilab (includes neutrino beamline and detector experiments) Large Hadron Collider, operation and maintenance of ATLAS and CMS detectors High Energy Physics (HEP) Areas of Emphasis

21. Focus: Advance the fundamental science of plasmas and develop the knowledge needed to create a sustainable fusion energy source Research Program Areas: Magnetic Fusion Energy Science Encompasses support for Burning Plasma Science, Advanced Tokamak Physics, Toroidal Confinement Physics, the ITER Project and Program, Theory and Computation, Enabling Technologies, Diagnostics, Materials Science, and International Collaborations Plasma Sciences Encompasses support for Fundamental Properties of Plasmas, High Energy Density Laboratory Plasmas, Atomic Processes, Electromagnetic Confinement, and Low-Temperature Plasmas New Initiatives: Fusion Simulation Program (FSP) to develop an integrated predictive simulation capability for fusion burning plasmas, fully validated against experiments Joint Program in High Energy Density Laboratory Plasmas (HEDLP) with NNSA Scientific User Facilities: DIII-D Advanced Tokamak Alcator C-Mod Advanced Tokamak National Spherical Torus Experiment ITER Additional facilities: Madison Symmetrical Torus and the Large Area Plasma Device Fusion Energy Sciences (FES) Areas of Emphasis

22. Focus:Discover, explore, and understand all possible forms of nuclear matter The fundamental particles that compose nuclear matter—quarks and gluons—are relatively well understood, but exactly how they fit together to create the different types of matter that we see in the universe is still largely a puzzle. NP Scientific Thrusts: Quantum Chromodynamics: From the structure of hadrons to the phases of nuclear matter Nuclei and Nuclear Astrophysics: From structure to exploding stars Fundamental Symmetries and Neutrinos: In search of the New Standard Model Research Program Areas: Medium Energy Nuclear Physics Heavy Ion Nuclear Physics (including contributions to Large Hadron Collider experiments) Low Energy Nuclear Physics Nuclear Theory Isotope Production and Applications Scientific User Facilities: Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Argonne Tandem-Linear Accelerator System Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility Nuclear Physics (NP) Areas of Emphasis

23. Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists (WDTS) • Focus:Support programs that help ensure that DOE and the Nation have a sustained pipeline of highly trained science, technology, engineering and mathematics workers. • In addition to supporting over 23,700 Ph.D.s, graduate students, undergraduates and technical staff in FY 2009 through its science research programs, the Office of Science is preparing educators to be effective teacher scientists and inspiring America’s youth to engage in science and mathematics through the WDTS programs. • Program Areas: • Student Programs • Educator Programs • Workforce Development Programs • Program Administration and Evaluation Highlights: • DOE Academies Creating Teacher Scientists– supports approximately 225 new K-12 educators (~340 total) in FY 2009 for hands-on research experiences at DOE laboratories and creating educational leaders • Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship– supports undergraduate student research experiences working with mentor scientists at the DOE national laboratories. In FY 2009, WDTS plans to support 630 students • DOE National Science Bowlfor High School Students and Middle School Students – providing prestigious academic events to challenge and inspire the Nation’s youth to excel in science and mathematics

24. The Office of Science provides opportunities for early career researchers. Fusion Energy Sciences Plasma Physics Junior Faculty Development Program Advanced Scientific Computing Research Early Career Principal Investigator Program High Energy Physics Outstanding Junior Investigator Program Nuclear Physics Outstanding Junior Investigator Program SC Early Career Scientist and Engineer Award (SC-ECASE) recognizes researchers at national laboratories. If an SC-ECASE winner is selected for PECASE, they receive ~$50k per year for five years. Early Career Award Opportunities

25. Office of ScienceResearch Opportunities

26. Annual Open Solicitation… Office of Science Solicitationshttp://www.sc.doe.gov/grants/grants.html …As well as specific Funding Opportunity Announcements Submission is throughGrants.gov.

27. Recent Examples of Topical Solicitations:Watch http://www.sc.doe.gov/grantsfor future opportunities Research Opportunities at Rare Isotope Beam FacilitiesNotice DE-PS02-08ER08-10 --Posted February 14, 2008. Preapplications required by June 2, 2008. Formal applications due Nov. 10, 2008. Plasma Science CentersNotice DE-PS02-08ER08-25 --Posted June 26, 2008. Letters of Intent requested by August 11, 2008. Preapplications required by September 1, 2008. Formal applications due Jan. 30, 2009. High-Performance Networks for Distributed Petascale ScienceNotice DE-PS02-08ER08-27 --Posted September 30, 2008. Letters of Intent required by October 31, 2008. Formal applications due Dec. 17, 2008. High Energy Physics Outstanding Junior Investigator ProgramNotice DE-PS02-08ER08-28 --Posted September 3, 2008. Formal applications due Nov. 5, 2008. Advanced Detector Research ProgramNotice DE-PS02-08ER08-31 --Posted September 17, 2008. Letters of Intent requested by November 15, 2008. Formal applications due Dec. 2, 2008. Office of Nuclear Physics Outstanding Junior Investigator ProgramNotice DE-PS02-08ER08-33 --Posted September 17, 2008. Letters of Intent encouraged by October 30, 2008. Formal applications due Dec. 1, 2008. Fusion Simulation ProgramNotice DE-PS02-09ER09-04 --Posted October 6, 2008. Preapplications required by October 31, 2008. Formal applications due by Dec, 10, 2008. Fundamental Research in Superconducting RF Cavity DesignNotice DE-PS02-09ER09-05 --Posted October 15, 2008. Letters of Intent encouraged by December 15, 2008. Formal applications due by Jan. 15, 2009.

28. Energy Frontier Research CentersEngaging the Nation’s Intellectual and Creative Talent • Innovative basic research to accelerate scientific breakthroughs • needed to create advanced energy technologies for the 21st century • The DOE Office of Science announced the Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) program. EFRC awards are $2–5 million/year for an initial 5-year period. • Universities, labs, and other institutions are eligible to apply. • Energy Frontier Research Centers will pursue fundamental basic research in areas such as: • Solar Energy Utilization • Geosciences for Nuclear Waste and CO2 Storage • Catalysis for Energy • Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems • Electrical Energy Storage • Combustion of 21st Century Transportation Fuels • Solid State Lighting • Hydrogen Production, Storage, and Use • Superconductivity • Materials Under Extreme Environments • Biofuels • FOA opened April 4, 2008 - FOA closed October 1, 2008 - 280 applications received • Under review now - will not be funded during the continuing resolution. • http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/EFRC.html

29. Pending Congressional appropriation, it is anticipated that up to $60 million will be available for core research program awards in FY 09. Web announcement issued to request applications from the scientific community as part of the Office of Science Financial Assistance Funding Opportunity Announcement. While no limit is set for each of the awards, this funding is primarily aimed at single PI or small-group projects with an initial funding of 3 years. Examples of topical areas covered in the solicitations include: instrumentation, ultrafast science, chemical imaging, emergent behavior; basic research for electrical energy storage, advanced nuclear energy systems, solar energy utilization, hydrogen production, storage, and use; other research areas identified in the BESAC and BES workshop reports, with an emphasis on nanoscale phenomena; accelerator research and development Nearly 800 pre-applications have been received under the first round. Encourage/discourage decisions planned for late in the calendar year.  Additional Funds for BES Single-Investigator and Small Group Research (SISGR) Requested in FY09 http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/SISGR.html

30. Advanced Scientific Computing Research http://www.sc.doe.gov/ascr/index.html Basic Energy Sciences http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/bes.html Biological and Environmental Research http://www.sc.doe.gov/ber/ober_top.html Fusion Energy Sciences http://www.sc.doe.gov/ofes High Energy Physics http://www.sc.doe.gov/hep/index.shtm Nuclear Physics http://www.sc.doe.gov/np Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists http://www.scied.science.doe.gov/scied/sci_ed.htm More information in funding opportunities can be found on the program websites

31. Universities are integral part of accomplishing SC mission • Universities are engaged in the DOE Office of Science mission: • As research performers • Through use of the scientific user facilities—over 50% of SC scientific facility users come from universities • Interactions with the DOE Laboratories: • 9 out of 10 SC Laboratories are managed by a university, a consortium of universities, or a university in partnership with a non-profit enterprise. • SC Laboratories research partnerships with universities • Become Involved: • Read about the core research areas on our websites and contact program manages to discuss whether your ideas fit within the programs they manage • Respond to open and topical solicitations for research grants and fellowships • Incorporate our large scientific user facilities into your research; apply to compete for time at one of them • Follow Federal advisory committee meetings • Participate in SC review and planning processes: • Volunteer to serve as a reviewer • Participate in SC workshops that identify scientific opportunities

32. Thank you! julie.carruthers@science.doe.gov 202-586-5430