Serving and working (negative)

1. Section 3A (7.1-16): The Work of the Brothers[1] [h1] Serving and working (negative) • [Chapter VII: The Manner of Serving and Working] • 1None of the brothers may be treasurers or overseers [treasurers or cellarers] in any of those places where they are staying to serve or work among others. They may not be in charge in the houses in which they serve [houses of those they serve] nor accept any office which would generate scandal or be harmful to their souls; 2Let them, instead, be the lesser ones and be subject to all in the same house. 

2. officia (positions) • camerarii:chamberlain • cellarii: cellarers • presint: preside over • minores: lesser • subiecti omnibus: subject to all • eadem domo: in that same house

3. locus and domus • locus: place • domus: house • locus fratrum: place of the brothers • eremus: solitary place, “hermitage” • officium: office, position • eleemosynarius: almoner, alms-collector

4. lesser ones (minores)1Cel 38 • What was that Order? He himself originally planted the Order of Lesser Brothers and on the occasion of its founding gave it this name. For when it was written in the Rule, “Let them be lesser...,” at the uttering of this statement, at that same moment, he said, “I want this fraternity to be called the Order of Lesser Brothers.” They were truly lesser who, by being ‘subject to all,’ always sought the position of contempt, performing duties which they foresaw would be the occasion of some affront.

5. necessary or suitable? • Tools (instrumenta) can be used • necessaria to opportuna • Change to “suitable” by Angelo Clareno (1320) • Francis and work (especially cloth) • Pacifico, “King of Verses” • John the Simple, farming • Leo, scribe • Tools of Minister General: • libellus, pennarium, sigillum [1] Ciceri, “La Regula non bullata,” 191. [2] “camerarii neque cellarii” in Paolazzi, Francisci Assisiensis Scripta, 252. See also Mittellateinisches Wörterbuch bis zum ausgehendem 13. Jahrhundert, Band II (1999) 144; 438-39: camerarius “praepositus administrationis;” (one placed in charge of administration); cellarius (cellerarius) “administrator rerum domesticarum, dispensator cellariorum et horreorum” (administrator of household things, dispensing things of the cellars and store-houses). [3]sed sint minores: can also be rendered “let them be minors.” [4] 1C 38, FA:ED 1, 217-18. [5]Letter I (1216); FA:ED1, 579. [6] Adm3 mentions a subject who sees things that are utiliora (“more useful”) than what a prelate commands. LR8.4 speaks of a minister who is not suitable for the general utilitatem (“welfare” or “usefulness”) of the brothers. LR 9.4 insists that the brothers who preach should use words for the utilitatem (“benefit”) of the people. Sister Water is utile (“useful”) in the Umbro-Italian of the CtC 7. [7] The same expression is used below (ER 9.3). Equivalent terms are “ask for alms,” “seek alms,” eleemosyna quaerere (ER 8.8) and eleemosyna petere (LR6, title). [8] Test 16, AC 90, 2MP 35, FA:ED 1, 125, FA:ED 2, 194, FA:ED 3, 284. [9] 1C18; 2C11; L3C21, FA:ED 1, 194-95, FA:ED 2, 249-59, 81. [10] See 2C106, FA:ED 2, 316 (where this ars is presented as “worldly” and “bawdy”); and AC65-66, FA:ED 2, 167-69, where Francis himself requests that the reluctant Pacifico play lute music during his illness. [11] AC 65, 66, FA:ED 2, 167-68, 168-69. [12] AC 61, FA:ED 2, 163-64. [13] TPJ 1-2, FA:ED 1, 166-67. [14] 2C 185 (AC 43), FA:ED 2, 365. [h1]Thematize outline [JMH2]Corract Format Layout [JMH3]Provide specific page reference in Paolazzi. [wjs4]page reference now given [JMH5]Provide full citation for Accrocca. [wjs6]Accrocca reference removed.

6. Positive Statement • laborem: skilled work • servitium: unskilled work • salutem animae: • health or salvation of the soul • honeste: • honorably, honestly

7. 1 Thessalonians 4:12 • Nevertheless we urge you, brothers, to progress even more, and to aspire to live a tranquil life, to mind your own affairs, and to work with your (own) hands, as we instructed you, that you may conduct yourselves properly toward outsiders and not depend on anyone. • live quietly, attending to your own affairs (negotium, “business”) • “work with your own hands” (operemini manibus vestris) • “walk honestly” (honesteambuletis) or “conduct yourselves properly” (NAB) toward outsiders, • and “want nothing” or “desire nothing” of someone else.

8. 1 Corinthians 14:40 • “let all things be done decently (honeste) and according to order” (1Cor 14:40, Douay-Rheims) • orderly way of conducting assemblies of the Corinthian community, • generic resemblance to the issues addressed in this section of the ER.

9. Work & payment • 4For the prophet says, You shall eat the fruit of your labors [Because you shall eat the labors of your hands]; you are blessed and it shall be well for you. 5The Apostle says: Whoever does not wish to work shall not eat; 6and, Let everyone remain in that trade and office in which he has been called. 7And for their work they can receive whatever is necessary excepting money. 8And when it is necessary, they may seek alms like other poor people [seek alms like the other brothers]. 9And it is lawful for them to have the tools and instruments suitable for their trades [instruments necessary for their trades].