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The Cell: History and Theory Chapter 7 Powerpoint #2 Honors Biology

The Cell: History and Theory Chapter 7 Powerpoint #2 Honors Biology. Cell Theory and the Scientists Who Helped Shape It. Scientists and the Cell Theory. Anton van Leeuwenhoek. Born: October 24, 1632 Died: August 30, 1723 He is known as the “ Father of Microscopy. ”.

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The Cell: History and Theory Chapter 7 Powerpoint #2 Honors Biology

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  1. The Cell:History and TheoryChapter 7 Powerpoint#2 Honors Biology

  2. Cell Theory and the Scientists Who Helped Shape It

  3. Scientists and the Cell Theory

  4. Anton van Leeuwenhoek • Born: October 24, 1632 • Died: August 30, 1723 • He is known as the “Father of Microscopy.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_van_Leeuwenhoek

  5. Anton van Leeuwenhoek • Discoveries: - 1673: He looked at pond scum under the microscope and discovered small organisms he called animalcules or little animals (Protists) - 1676: discovered bacteria http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/staff/TimLynch/sci_class/chap09/lesson_protista/Protista_Lesson.html#Algae

  6. Robert Hooke • Born: July 18, 1635 • Died: March 3, 1703 • Wrote and published “Micrographia” • Known as the “English Father of Microscopy” http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/PictDisplay/Hooke.html

  7. Robert Hooke Contributions: - He observed pieces of cork from the bark of a cork tree under the microscope. - His observations led him to coin the word “cell.” - “Cell”- means little rooms in Latin - He compared the small boxes to the small rooms that monks lived in. http://www.learner.org/channel/courses/essential/life/session1/closer1.html

  8. Matthias Schleiden • Born: April 5, 1804 • Died: June 23, 1881 • German botanist • Discovered that all plants were made of cells • Contributed to the creation of the cell theory http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9066147/Mathias-Jacob-Schleiden

  9. Theodor Schwann • Born: December 7, 1810 • Died: January 11, 1882 • German zoologist • Concluded that all animals are made of cells. • Contributed to the creation of the cell theory http://www.nndb.com/people/357/000096069/

  10. Rudolph Virchow • Born: October 13, 1821 • Died: September 5, 1902 • German pathologist • He is known as the “Father of Pathology.” • Discovered that all living cells come only from other living cells. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Rudolf_Virchow.jpg

  11. The Cell Theory • All living things are made of cells. • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. • Living cells come only from other living cells.

  12. Two Main Types of Cells Prokaryote • generally smaller and simpler • DO NOT have a nucleus – DNA is not contained • All prokaryotic organisms are unicellular • example: all bacteria

  13. Two Main Types of Cells Eukaryote = “true nucleus” • Contains a nucleus • Contains dozens of specialized cell parts (organelles) • Some unicellular organisms, many multicellular • example: all plants, animals, and fungi

  14. Cell Types (Review) Eukaryotic 1. Contains a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles. 2. Rod shaped chromosomes 3. Found in all kingdoms except the Eubacteria and Archaebacteria Prokaryotic 1. Does not contain a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles. 2. Circular chromosome 3. Found only in the Eubacteria and Archaebacteria Kingdoms

  15. Two Main Types of Cells Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Both: • Have a cell membrane • Contain DNA • Have cytoplasm with ribosomes

  16. Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Cell membrane Contain DNA Ribosomes Cytoplasm

  17. Parts and Functions of Eukaryotic Cells

  18. Organelles • “mini-organs” • Each part of a cell with a specific job is called an organelle

  19. Cell-City Analogy • Just as a city is made up of many different components, each with respective functions that they perform for the city to thrive, a cell is also made of structures (organelles), each with specific roles and duties.

  20. Nucleus • Contains the genetic material (DNA) & controls the cell’s activities • Provides protection for nuclear material • Made of 3 parts: • (1) nuclear envelope • (2) nucleolus • (3) chromatin

  21. Nuclear Envelope • Double –membrane layer that surrounds the nucleus of a cell

  22. Nucleolus • Small, dense region within most nuclei that produces rRNA

  23. Ribosome • Site of protein synthesis • May be either free-floating or attached to E.R.

  24. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Network of transport Channels • 2 Kinds • Smooth ER(SER): Synthesis of lipids and steroids • Rough ER (RER): Synthesis and processing of proteins (ribosomes make it “rough”)

  25. Golgi Apparatus • Packages proteins from the RER for secretion. • Packages lipids & steroids from the SER in to vesicles to send to other organelles, or out of the cell.

  26. Lysosome • Membrane-enclosed sac of enzymes needed to break down cellular debris • recycling the cell's organic material • Made by the Golgi apparatus

  27. Mitochondrion • Releases energy from glucose (cellular respiration) • Makes ATP, the main energy source for almost all cell processes.

  28. Cytoplasm • Contents of a cell inside the cell membrane but outside of the nucleus. • The gel-like substance in the cytoplasm is called cytosol

  29. Cell Membrane • Thin, Flexible barrier around a cell that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. • More about this later…

  30. Cytoskeleton Cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum Microtubule Microfilament Ribosomes Mitochondrion Microtubule Microfilament • Long, thin filament that functions in the movement and support of the cell • Hollow tube of protein that maintains cell shape and functions as a “track” along which organelles move through the cell

  31. Animal Cells ONLY !!!

  32. Centriole • One of two small cylindrical structures near the nuclear envelope of animal cells. • It helps organize microtubules during cell division • Helps build cilia & flagella

  33. Plant Cells ONLY !!!

  34. Cell Wall • Provides structure and protection to the cell. Found outside cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria • Made of: • Cellulose – Plants • Chitin – Fungi • Peptidoglycan - Bacteria

  35. Chloroplast • Converts energy from the sun into chemical energy, in the form of glucose

  36. Vacuole • Membrane-bound sac, largest structure in plant cell • Helps maintain water pressure in the cell • Site in the cell where water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates are stored

  37. Animal Cells Plant Cells Cell Wall Chloroplasts Cell membrane Ribosomes Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Centrioles

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