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Uniform Ferrite-Loaded Open Waveguide Structure with CRLH Response and Its Antenna Application

This paper presents a novel uniform ferrite-loaded open waveguide structure with composite right/left-handed (CRLH) response and its application to a backfire-to-endfire leaky-wave antenna. The structure is automatically balanced, offering inherent CRLH characteristics. The analytical dispersion relation, full-wave validation, experimental results, and conclusions are discussed, demonstrating advantages over traditional CRLH metamaterial structures. The proposed design is simple, efficient, and tunable without additional chip components, making it suitable for various applications.

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Uniform Ferrite-Loaded Open Waveguide Structure with CRLH Response and Its Antenna Application

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  1. Uniform Ferrite-Loaded Open Waveguide Structure with CRLH Response and Its Application T. Kodera and C. Caloz, “Uniform ferrite-loaded open waveguide structure with CRLH response and its application to a novel backfire-to-endfire leaky-wave antenna,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 784-795, Apr. 2009 Advisor: Prof. Ruey-Beei Wu Speaker: Ting-Yi Huang (黃定彝)

  2. Outlines • Introduction • Proposed structure • Analytical dispersion relation • Full-wave validation • Application • Experimental results • Conclusion

  3. Introduction (1/2) • Composite right/left-handed (CRLH) tx lines • Balanced condition • Relative complex lumped unit cells • Tedious iterative analysis for applications C. Caloz and T. Itoh, “Novel microwave devices and structures based on the transmission line approach of meta-materials,” in IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Symp. Dig., Jun. 2003, pp. 195–198

  4. Introduction (2/2) • CRLH metamaterial structure & application • Interdigital capacitor & shunt stub inductor • Backfire-to-endfire leaky-wave antenna C. Caloz and T. Itoh, “Novel microwave devices and structures based on the transmission line approach of meta-materials,” in IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Symp. Dig., Jun. 2003, pp. 195–198

  5. Proposed Structure • Uniform ferrite-loaded open waveguide • Automatically balanced CRLH response

  6. Analytical Dispersion Relation (1/6) • Simplified closed waveguide structure

  7. Analytical Dispersion Relation (2/6) • Effective permeability • Plasma frequency • Resonance frequency

  8. Analytical Dispersion Relation (3/6) • For y-propagating TE wave • Wave Equation • Solution form • Boundary condition • Dispersion relation

  9. Analytical Dispersion Relation (4/6) • Dispersion diagram

  10. Analytical Dispersion Relation (5/6) • Dispersive diagram vs. WG width

  11. Analytical Dispersion Relation (6/6) • Design curves

  12. Full-Wave Validation (1/4) • Structure for the full-wave analysis

  13. Full-Wave Validation (2/4) • S-parameter by HFSS

  14. Full-Wave Validation (3/4) • Dispersion curve • HFSS(FEM) & CST(FIT) • Propagation constant by HFSS

  15. Full-Wave Validation (4/4) Left-hand range Transition Frequency Right-hand range

  16. Application (1/3) • Full space scanning leaky-wave antenna • Main beam scanning • Antenna length for efficient 90% power radiation

  17. Application (2/3) • Backfire-to-endfire scanning by CST

  18. Application (3/3) • Far-field radiation patterns by CST vs. frequency vs. bias

  19. Experimental Results (1/4) • Experimental prototype with dimensions

  20. Experimental Results (2/4) • Return loss • Photograph

  21. Experimental Results (3/4) • Beam-scanning angle vs. frequency Measurement HFSS

  22. Experimental Results (4/4) • Beam-scanning angle vs. bias Measurement HFSS

  23. Conclusions • Uniform ferrite-loaded open waveguide • Inherent CRLH balanced response • Off-resonance operation – low-loss characteristics • Full-space scanning leaky-wave antenna • Capable for frequency/bias scanning • Advantages over CRLH metamaterial structures • Perfectly uniform structure • Simple, easy to design • Tunable w/o chip components

  24. Thanks for your attention.

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