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Chemical Nomenclature

Learn how to name acids, ionic compounds, and molecular formulas correctly following specific rules and conventions. Understand the prefixes, suffixes, and ion naming for accurate chemical nomenclature.

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Chemical Nomenclature

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  1. Chemical Nomenclature Naming and writing Chemical Formulas

  2. Acids If the compound starts with an H it is an acid. (Water doesn’t count) 1. H+element: If the acid has only one element following the H, then use the prefix hydro- followed by the element’s root name and an –ic ending. HCl is hydrochloric acid.

  3. Acids • 2. H+ -ate polyatomic ion. If the acid has an “ate” polyatomic ion after the H, then it makes an “ic” acid. H2SO4 is sulfuric acid. • 3. H+ -ite polyatomic ion: If the acid has an “ite” polyatomic ion after the H, then it makes an “-ous_ acid. H2SO3 is sulfurous acid.

  4. Ionic Compounds • The compound begins with a metal and has a nonmetal bonded to it. • Rules • 1.Metals commonly form cations simply write their names • Transition metals often form more than one positive ion so Roman numerals (in Parentheses) follow the ion’s name • NH4+ is ammonium and it is the only positive polyatomic ion you will encounter

  5. Ionic Compounds • 2. Nonmetals commonly form anions. • Add the suffix “-ide” to the end. 3. So you name the cation then the anion with the “-ide” ending.

  6. PREFIX mono- di- tri- tetra- penta- hexa- hepta- octa- nona- deca- NUMBER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Molecular Nomenclature

  7. Naming the Compound • The +ion name is given first followed by the name of the negative ion. • Use prefixes to indicate the number of atoms of each element. • Add “-ide” ending. • If the second element’s name begins with a vowel, then the “a” at the end of the prefix is usually dropped.

  8. Formula Writing • The prefixes of molecular formulas makes it easy to know how many of each element. • Roman Numerals on transition metals tell you the charge of the metal • You must REMEMBER the charges on polyatomic ions.

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