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DIETARY FATTY ACIDS: MORE THAN ENERGY. Anton C. Beynen Professor of animal nutrition Wageningen University (1987-1992), University of Indonesia (1991-1993), Utrecht University (1993-2007), Rajamangala University (2006-now), King Saud University (2009-now). Omega- or methyl end.
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DIETARY FATTY ACIDS: MORE THAN ENERGY Anton C. Beynen Professor of animal nutrition Wageningen University (1987-1992), University of Indonesia (1991-1993), Utrecht University (1993-2007), Rajamangala University (2006-now), King Saud University (2009-now)
Omega- or methyl end NOMENCLATURE OF FATTY ACIDS CH3-C-C-C-C-C……….-COOH • Number of C atoms • Number of double bonds • Position of first double bond from the methyl end (omega end)
n-6 fatty acids Common structure: CH3-C-C-C-C-C=C….COOH Linoleic acid (C18:2n-6): CH3-C-C-C-C-C=C-C-C=C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-COOH n-3 fatty acids CH3-C-C=C…..COOH Common structure: a-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3): CH3-C-C=C-C-C=C-C-C=C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-COOH
SYMPTOMS OF ESSENTIAL FATTY ACID DEFICIENCY • – n-6 (omega-6)Polyunsaturated fatty acids • Dermatitis • – n-3 (omega-3)Polyunsaturated fatty acids • Impaired visual acquity • Impaired learning behaviour
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LEVEL OF LINOLEIC ACID INTAKE AND THAT IN ADIPOSE TISSUE OF BROILERS CHICKENS
omega-6 family omega-3 family C18:2n-6 (LA) C18:3n-3 (ALA) D-6 desaturase C18:3n-6 (GLA) C18:4n-3 Elongase C20:3n-6 (DGLA) C20:4n-3 D-5 desaturase C20:4n-6 (AA) C20:5n-3 (EPA) Elongase C22:4n-6 C22:5n-3 D-4 desaturase C22:6n-3 (DHA)
ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID LEVELS IN TISSUES OF GOAT KIDS FED A MILK REPLACER DEFICIENT IN ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID
INFLUENCE OF DIETARY OMEGA-6:OMEGA-3 RATIO ON LPS-INDUCED LEUKOTRIENE B CONCENTRATIONS IN DOG SKIN (Vaughn et al., 1994)
CANINE ATOPIC DERMATITIS • Hereditary IgE-mediated hyper-sensitivity to environmental allergens • Incidence: up to 15% of population • Primary clinical sign: pruritus
Score for severity of pruritus and erythema at week 10 Pruritus, Intensity Pruritus, Frequency Pruritus, Total Erythema
DIETARY MANAGEMENT AND SURVIVAL TIME IN CATS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
SURVIVAL TIMES AND DIETARY EPA LEVELS IN CATS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
EFFECT OF CLA FEEDING ON BODY FAT, ENERGY EXPENDITURE AND FAECAL FAT EXCRETION IN MICE
EFFECT OF FAT FEEDING ON APPARENT FIBRE DIGESTIBILITY IN HORSES