The new England Colonies

1. Chapter 4, Section 1 The new England Colonies

2. Puritans in Massachusetts • Puritans: wanted to reform the Church of England • John Winthrop; Puritan leader • Different from the Pilgrims that wanted to separate entirely from the England church • Called for simpler forms of worship • Do away with practices borrowed from the Catholic Church • Organ music and special clothes for priests

3. Reasons for leaving England • Charles I became King in 1625 disliked the Puritans • Took away Puritan business charters • Expelled them from Universities • Few were jailed

4. Reasons for leaving England • Massachusetts Bay Company: plan was to build a new society in New England • Based on the law of God as they appeared in the Bible • Some people joined colonist for economic reasons not because of religious persecution • In England the oldest son inherited the family land • Younger sons had little hope of owning land • Massachusetts Bay offered cheap land or a chance to start their own business

5. Settling in • John Winthrop was chosen as the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony • He worked as hard as everyone else • Built a home, cleared land, plant crops

6. Voters elect as assembly • Winthrop and other stockholders granted the right to vote to all men who were members of the church • Determined to keep non-Puritans out of government • General Court: elected representatives • 1629-1640 more than 20,000 me, women, and children journeyed from England to Massachusetts known as the Great Migration • Many settled in Boston which grew into the colony’s largest town

7. Settling Connecticut • Thomas Hooker and about 100 settlers left Massachusetts Bay and settled near the Connecticut River in a town they name Hartford • Left because he believed the governor and other officials had too much power • Wanted a colony in Connecticut with laws that set strict limits on government

8. Settling Connecticut • Fundamental orders of Connecticut: plan of government • Much like government of Massachusetts • 2 important differences • 1. Gave voting rights to all men who were property owners (including non church members) • 2. Limited the governor’s power

9. Settling Connecticut • 1662 15 towns were thriving along the Connecticut River • Became a separate colony with a charted granted by the king of England

10. Toleration in Rhode Island • Roger Williams believed that the Puritan church had too much power in Massachusetts • Believed the business of church and state should be kept separate • State should not support a particular church • Toleration: a willingness to let others practices their own beliefs

11. Toleration in Rhode Island • 1635 Massachusetts General Court ordered Williams to leave the colony • Fearing the court would send him back to England he fled to Narrragansett • He spent the winter there with Indians • They sold him land for a settlement • After several years it became the colony of Rhode Island

12. Toleration in Rhode Island • Williams allowed complete freedom of religion for all Protestant, Jews, and Catholics • Did not require settlers to attend church • Gave all white men the right to vote • Settlers who disliked the strict Puritan rule of Massachusetts flocked to Rhode Island

13. The Trial of Anne Hutchinson • Anne Hutchinson lived in Massachusetts. • She had 14 children • Worked as a midwife helping deliver babies

14. Forbidden Message • Hutchinson often held Bible readings in her home • After church she and her friends gathered to discuss the ministers message • Sometimes as many as 50 or 60 people flocked to her home • Hutchinson started expressing her own views on what the minister had said • Seeming to criticize

15. Forbidden Message • Puritan leaders grew angry • Hutchinson opinions were full of religious errors • Women did not have the right to explain god’s law

16. On trial • After two days of questioning Hutchison told the court that god directly spoke to her • Puritans believed that god spoke only through the bible not directly to individuals • Court ordered her out of the colony

17. Relations with Native Americans • In 1680 King of England made costal settlements into a separate colony named New Hampshire • As more colonists settled in New England fighting broke out between white settlers and Indian nations • 1675 Wampanoag Indians led by chief Metacom attacked colonial villages throughout New England

18. Fighting lasted 15 months • In the end Metacom was captured and killed • His family and about 1000 other Indians were sold into slavery in the West Indies

19. A Life of Hard Work; Farms, forests, and seas • New England’s rocky soil was poor for farming • Settlers learned to grow Native American crops • Corn, beans squash, pumpkins

20. A Life of Hard Work; Farms, forests, and seas • Forest were full of riches • Hunted wild turkey and deer • In spring they collected sweet sap from maple trees • Settlers cut trees and floated them to port cities where shipbuilding centers grew • Fished for cod and halibut; oysters and lobsters • Hunted whales • Supplied them with oil and ivory

21. Tightly knit towns and village • Puritans believed people should worship and take care of local matters as a community • Became very close • On Sundays no one was allowed to play games, joke, talk or drink, • All citizens were required to attend church services • Women sat on one side, men sat on the other • Blacks and Indians stood in the balcony • Children had separate pews

22. Tightly knit towns and village • Children had separate pews • Punished if they played made faces or laughed • Lawbreakers faced severe punishment • One crime punishable by death was witchcraft • 1692 Puritans executed 20 men and women as witches in Salem Village Massachusetts