Overview of Voltage Quality Monitoring in Europe Karstein Brekke, kab@nve.no

1. OverviewofVoltageQualityMonitoringin Europe Karstein Brekke, kab@nve.no member and former co-chair CEER EQS TF Senior Engineer, Grid Section, Energy and Regulation Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE)

2. CEER Members (NRAs) - EEA area Karstein Brekke – Norway – RT 2a

3. EER documents including VQ Third CEER Benchmarking Report on Quality of Electricity Supply Towards Voltage Quality Regulation An ERGEG Public Consultation paper Evaluation of comments received An ERGEG Conclusions Paper Service Quality Regulation in Electricity Distribution and Retail Joint effort by CEER and FSR 4th CEER Benchmarking Report on Quality of Electricity Supply Energy Regulators’ pledge to ensuring good quality of electricity supply GGP on Estimation of Costs due to Electricity Interruptions and Voltage Disturbances www.energy-regulators.eu Karstein Brekke – Norway – RT 2a

4. GGP on Estimation of Costs due to Electricity Interruptions and Voltage Disturbances • C-2: Results from cost-estimation studies on customer costs due to voltage disturbances are important input1 on the consequences of various voltage disturbances when deciding where to focus regulation. • C-4: National Regulatory Authorities should perform nationwide cost-estimation studies regarding electricity interruptions and voltage disturbances. • C-7: Results and experience from cost-estimation studies shall be disseminated among interested stakeholders. • A cost-estimation study is not a prerequisite for introducing regulatory requirements on voltage quality. In particular requirements for continuous phenomena can be introduced without a cost-estimation study performed in advance, see also ERGEG Public Consultation and Conclusions papers on “Towards Voltage Quality Regulation in Europe”; Ref.: E06-EQS-09-03 and E07-EQS-15-03.

5. Voltage disturbances - survey on costs • Norway, 2002 (inhabitants, ca 5 M): • Estimated annual costs due to dips for end-users to be between 170 and 330 MNOK • Sweden, 2003 (inhabitants, ca 9.5 M) • Estimated annual costs for industrial customers due to dips and interruptions at about 157 M€ • Italy, 2006 (inhabitants, ca 60.6 M) • Estimated annual costs due to dips and interruptions (< 1 sec) for the whole production system to be between 465 and 780 M€ • PAN European LPQI Power Quality Survey • Costs of PQ wastage EU-25 exceeds 150 bln € annually Karstein Brekke – Norway – RT 2a

6. Voltage disturbances • Continuousphenomena • Voltageevents • Differentdisturbancesrequiredifferentkindofmonitoring • Aimsregarding VQ monitoring Karstein Brekke – Norway – RT 2a

7. RP RP RP SB SB SB SB Kabelskap Kabelskap RP SB SB SB V V k V V k k 0 0 2 2 2 3 3 4 2 2 1 SB Where to monitor? Karstein Brekke – Norway – RT 2a

8. VQ Monitoring Someconclusions from CEER: • Voltage quality needs to be regulated • The obligation for system operators to provide individual verification of voltage quality to customers upon their request should be adopted by all countries, even in the absence of a former complaint by the requesting customer and in the absence of power quality contracts as well. • Countries should consider monitoring voltage quality continuously and publish results regularly. It is further recommended that CEER member countries disseminate experience among themselves and that an effort is made in order to consolidate the European view on voltage quality monitoring. Karstein Brekke – Norway – RT 2a

9. VQ Monitoring • Complaints/requests • At least 18 European countries: AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, EE, FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LV, NO, PL, PT, RO, SE • I.e. still not applicable in (or not reported for) all EEA countries • Mainlycontinuousphenomena Karstein Brekke – Norway – RT 2a

10. VQ Monitoring • Continuous/ campaigns • At least 11 European countries:BE, CZ, DK, FR, GR, HU, IT, LU, NL, NO, PT • Completelylackofharmonisationconcerning: • Devices • Voltagelevels and disturbances to be monitoried • Number and location of instruments • Classificationofresults (e.g. dips/swells) • Reporting and publicationofresults • Regulatoryrecommendationsontheuseof instruments and voltage transformers • CEER: Harmonisationshouldincludeaccuracy for thewholemeasurementchain

12. Who see the needs for VQ Monitoring? • Complaints/requests • At least regulators and customers, alsoDSOs/TSO? • Continuous/ campaigns • Joint responsibility for VQM across stakeholders • TSOs/DSOs (BE, CZ, DK, FR, LT, LU, NL, and more) • Regulators/Authorities (GR, HU, IT, NO, PT, etc) • Often a combination (seeexamplenext slide) Karstein Brekke – Norway – RT 2a

13. Norway – examples of different campaigns • Late 80’s, beginning 90’s – VOLUNTARY CAMPAIGN • Conducted by SINTEF, LV and MV, rmsvariations, voltagedips/swells and transient/impulses • 1993-2003 – VOLUNTARY CAMPAIGN • Initiated by SINTEF/ national R&D programme, 44-73 instruments installed, 700 measurement locations, almost all voltagedisturbances, LV, MV, HV and EHV • 2007 – ongoing – VOLUNTARY CAMPAIGN • Intitaied by SINTEF through 3 R&D projects, 25-28 measurement locations, all voltagedisturbances, LV, MV, HV and EHV, • 2006 – ongoing – MANDATORY CAMPAIGN • TSO/DSOsobliged to continuously monitor voltagedips/swells and RVC in differentcharacteristicnetworksabove 1 kV

14. Purposes for Continuous VQ Monitoring

15. Someresults Karstein Brekke – Norway – RT 2a

16. Hungary

17. Italy

18. Data reported

19. Concluding slide • VQ needs to be regulated • Real VQ data – important for understanding VQ and for regulation • Individual verification of voltage quality to customers • ”ThirdPackage” – regulatorypower to monitor and setting requirements for VQ • Countries should consider monitoring voltage quality continuously and publish results regularly • Dissemination of experiences and results is envisaged • Workshop on voltage quality monitoring • Harmonisation useful? – To what extent?

20. THANK YOU! Karstein Brekke – Norway – RT 2a