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EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA

EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA. EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA. First demonstrated by Benesch in 1926. There are two degrees. Low ( posterior epidural ) generally used for obstetrical operations. High ( anterior epidural ). EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA. AREAS DESENSITIZED (LOW EPIDURAL). Tail. Vulva. Perineum.

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EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA

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  1. EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA

  2. EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA • First demonstrated by Benesch in 1926. • There are two degrees. • Low ( posterior epidural ) generally used for obstetrical operations. • High ( anterior epidural ).

  3. EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA AREAS DESENSITIZED (LOW EPIDURAL). • Tail. • Vulva. • Perineum. • Posterior vagina. • Cessation of abdominal contractions.

  4. EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA AREAS DESENSITIZED (HIGH EPIDURAL). • Tail. • Vulva. • Perineum. • Posterior vagina. • Cessation of abdominal contractions. • Udder. • Hind limbs – causing recumbency.

  5. EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA INDICATIONS • For surgical operations such as episiotomy, closure of vulva, pubic symphysiotomy, repair of vagina & perineal lacerations. • Removal of fetal membranes. • Minimize abdominal straining during reduction of prolapse. • Prevent the patient from lying down. • Prevent urination, defecation & flicking of tail.

  6. EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED • Hair clippers or Scissors. • 18 gauge hypodermic needle 6 – 8 cm long. • 10 – 50 ml hypodermic syringe. • 2% Lignocaine solution / Anesthetic solution. • Spirit swabs.

  7. EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA SITES & DOSE

  8. EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA SITES & DOSE

  9. EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA SITES & DOSE

  10. OTHER DRUGS FOR EPIDURAL • Epidural effect can be prolonged up to 8 hours by addition of 1% iso propyl alcohol. • Bupivacaine HCl 0.25 – 0.5% @ 4 ml gives effect up to 4 hours. • Xylazine @ 0.05 mg / kg body weight diluted in normal saline gives effect up to 4 hours.

  11. TECHNIQUE • The site in cattle is sacro – coccygeal or between the 1st & 2nd coccygeal vertebra. • These joints are located by moving the thumb downward from the sacrum while moving the tail up & down. • The area is clipped, washed with soap & dressed with spirit. • The needle is inserted perpendicularly to a depth of 2 – 4 cm until it strikes the floor of the epidural space. • The needle is slightly withdrawn and the required amount of the drug is injected.

  12. PRECAUTIONS • Dose of the drug should be optimum for induction of low plane. • It is advisable to under dose initially and subsequent doses can be given based on the need. • Prolonged use of epidural anesthesia may cause degeneration of the nerves involved.

  13. THANK YOU

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