9.2 Challenges to the New Government

1. 9.2 Challenges to the New Government

2. Securing the Northwest Territory • Trans-Appalachian West was the land between the App. Mountains and the Mississippi River. • Spain held nearly all of the land west of the Miss. River and also the port of New Orleans. • Spain threatened to close N.O. and stir up trouble with the Indian groups in the Southeast.

3. http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=22C8EE0E-8FEB-42A3-89AA-3C0D76AD006F&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=UShttp://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=22C8EE0E-8FEB-42A3-89AA-3C0D76AD006F&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US • However, the strongest resistance to white settlers was from Indian groups in the Northwest Territory. • Britain still held forts north of the Ohio River (violated the Treaty of Paris). • Brits supported the Indians.

4. By the way, where do we get those names? • Shawnee occupied most of the Ohio valley and its tributaries extending south into Kentucky, West Virginia and Tennessee. Tecumseh and his brother, "The Prophet", were Shawnee.  • The Iliniwek, called 'Illinois" by the French, was an Algonquian confederacy • Several small bands it included the Kaskaskia, Peoria, Cahokia, Moingewena, and the Michigamea. • The nearest kin of the Iliniwek were the Miami • In Wisconsin were the Winnebago. • The Quapaw or Arkansea (the "downstream people") went south along the Mississippi to the Arkansas River. • The Omaha or "upstream people" went north and up the Missouri where they eventually formed four tribes Omaha, Osage, Kansa and Ponca.  • The warlike Dakota, or Sioux, continued on into Minnesota. • The Iowa, Missouri, Oto, and Mandans went southwest across the Mississippi but the Winnebago stayed in Wisconsin. 

5. Battle of Fallen Timbers • Washington sent troops to the Oh. R. Valley. • U.S. soldiers suffered two defeats from the Indians. • Washington sent in a new commander, “Mad Anthony” Wayne and his troops into the area (Waynesville, Ohio.; Ft. Wayne, Indiana) • Wayne defeated the Indians.

6. The Brits refused to help the Indians because they knew it was a violation of the Treaty of Paris (and they were afraid of Wayne). • Indians were forced to sign the Treaty of Greenville.

7. Whiskey Rebellion • There was a conflict over Hamilton’s tax on whiskey. • Whiskey is made from grain like corn and rye grown in the middle colonies. • Farmers could process the grain into whiskey and transport it to market. • It was easier than trying to transport the grain itself.

8. In the summer of 1794 some Pennsylvania men staged the Whiskey Rebellion against the tax • They beat up a tax collector and stole his horse. • Washington prepared to defend Hamilton’s tax. • In October, Henry Lee took 13,000 (!!!!) soldiers and put down the rebellion.

9. The French Revolution • In 1789 a financial crisis in France led to a revolution. • At first Americans supported the French Revolution, but it became bloody and violent. • King Louis XVI was executed (off with his head) along with MANY other French government officials and wealthy people. • France also declared war on Britain, Holland, and Spain.

10. France and the U.S. had been allied, but Washington said that the U.S. should be neutral in the French Revolution AND the conflicts with other countries. • Congress made a law to support neutrality. • 40,000 people were executed during the French Revolution.

11. Remaining Neutral • JAY’S TREATY • Late in 1792 Britain began seizing cargoes of U.S. ships going to the West Indies. • Washington sent John Jay to England and he persuaded Britain to close the forts in the Ohio River Valley and pay for damages to U.S. vessels.