Challenges to the New Government

1. Challenges to the New Government Chapter 9, Section 2

2. Securing the Northwest Territory • The new nation needed peace to prosper • Why was there conflict over the West? • Competing land claims • Spain • Britain • Native Americans • United States • Where did the U.S. have the biggest problem?

4. Battle of Fallen Timbers • Why did Washington decide to send troops to the Ohio Valley to fight the force led by Little Turtle? • To secure the Northwest Territory – Washington thought this land and its security were crucial for the growth of the country • After two defeats, Washington sent a third army, led by Anthony Wayne • Known as “Mad Anthony” • Defeated the Native Americansat Ft. Miami – the Battle of Fallen Timbers

6. Treaty of Greenville • Why did the British refuse to help the Native Americans? • They didn’t want a war with the United States • What were the results of the Battle of Fallen Timbers for the Native Americans? For the United States? • Crushed Native American hopes of keeping their land in the Northwest Territory • In the Treaty of Greenville, 12 tribes agreed to give up their land (present-day Ohio and Indiana)

7. The Whiskey Rebellion (1794) • Hamilton had implemented his plan to help the government raise money • There was a tax on whiskey • Why were farmers angry about the whiskey tax?

8. The Whiskey Rebellion • Why did Washington decide to crushthe rebellion and enforce the tax? • If he didn’t, it would undermine the new government and weaken its authority • Why was Washington’s treatmentof the Whiskey Rebellion important? • Had shown the government had the power and the will to enforce its laws

9. The French Revolution • People in France started a revolution in 1789 • They wanted liberty and equality • Things changed in 1793 • Movement had become violent • King and Queen were beheaded • France declared war on Britain, Spain,and Holland • They were all also ruled by monarchs • Why did war between France and Britainput the United States in a difficult spot?

10. The French Revolution • What sort of U.S. obligation to France did the wartime alliance and treaty of 1778 create? • How did Jefferson, Hamilton, and Washington think the United States should react to the war? • Jefferson – thought putting down the revolution was an attack on liberty • Hamilton – wanted to support Britain because of trade • Washington – decided to remain neutral; stayed “friendly and impartial” to both sides

11. Remaining Neutral • Britain began taking goods from American ships • John Jay sent to England • Why did England agree to Jay’s Treaty? • Pinckney’s Treaty • Americans could travel on the MS River • Americans could store goods at New Orleans port • 31st parallel became the northern boundary of FL • What problems did Jay’s Treaty and Pinckney’s Treaty solve for the United States?

13. Key Terms • Battle of Fallen Timbers – in 1794, an American army defeated 2,000 Native Americans in a clash over control of the Northwest Territory • Treaty of Greenville – a 1795 agreement in which 12 Native American tribes surrendered much of present-day Ohio and Indiana to the U.S. government • WhiskeyRebellion – a 1794 protest against the government’s tax on whiskey, which was valuable to the livelihood of backcountry farmers • French Revolution – in 1789, the French launched a movement for liberty and equality • Neutral – not siding with one country or the other • Jay’s Treaty – the agreement that ended dispute over American shipping during the French Revolution • Pinckney’s Treaty – a 1795 treaty with Spain that allowed Americans to use the Mississippi River and to store goods in New Orleans; made the 31st parallel the southern U.S. border