Four Worlds of History

1. Four Worlds of History Attention all recipients of this file: First, thank you for opening this powerpoint and considering using it!  Whether the file was sent to you directly from Teresa, relayed by a colleague, or is among those offered on our site, CALIS and USC rely on your professionalism for proper credits and sourcing: Materials developed by or through CALIS are made available online via a database that serves as a digital file cabinet of teaching resources. The Activities Database is a free and unrestricted collection. When teachers or other CALIS partners write, adapt, or collaborate on materials—they are cited. The source information includes their affiliated schools or organizations. As others download and further adapt these materials—all credit and source lines, for teachers as well of for CALIS–USC, should remain in tact as published. This file is a combination of 4W charts and related materials available on the Activities Database. Slides that refer directly to items on the database have the item referenced. “Focus questions” are displayed at the top of a 4W chart. The file is not intended to be used with students as one barrage of 4W charts. This powerpoint is another resource for planning and training with partner teachers -- both immediately for Fall 2012 and long term. Teresa Hudock, Director, CALIScalis@usc.edu / usc.edu/calis Modern World History: Sept 3, 2012 Edition #4: Oct 4, 2012 Slide Count: 86

2. Four Worlds of History Modern World History Enlightenment a 4WH collaboration with Reina Roberts, Venice High School, LAUSD 10th grade Modern World History Textbook -- World History: Modern Times, Glencoe, 2006

3. Enlightenment Table of Contents  Main Items & Issues 4 – Identifying Social Science Factors – Slavery, an example of a Four Worlds analysis 12 – How did kings have legitimate authority over their people? 20 – Revolution and Enlightenment – What are the “big ideas”? 29 – What are the main purposes of a constitution?  Thomas Jefferson 39 – How does classical liberalism relate to personal virtues?  Ben Franklin 53 – What is the relationship between government & civil society?  Thomas Paine 63 – Role of Institutions in a Democracy -- institutional infrastructure 68 – The Individual & Community -- equally important competing values 70 – How is American society organized?  reference sheet 4 78 – Goals of the Social Sciences

4. Four Worlds of History Social Science Factors These constantly reoccurring basic factors of the human condition are important to recognize regardless of how they are described

5. Four Worlds of History Social Science Factors Identifying factors, relating factors, and determining the “most important" factors is the science of the social sciences . social sciences the science Identifying Factors… Introductory activity What are the Four Worlds of slavery?

6. Which factorsmake slavery a part of all Four Worlds? Political World Economic World Activities Database 0.0 - Four Worlds of History: Social Science Factors reference sheet 1 Social World Cultural World

7. Which factorsmake slavery a part of all Four Worlds? factors Political World Economic World rights labor slavery Social World Cultural World class custom 7

8. Which factorsmake slavery a part of all Four Worlds? factors Political World Economic World rights labor legal system cost of production slavery Social World Cultural World hierarchy segregation identity beliefs class custom equity status shared values privilege 8

9. Which factorsmake slavery a part of all Four Worlds? factors Factors are simultaneous yet distinct. Political World Economic World rights labor legal system cost of production A “Four Worlds” analysis of human factors enables teachers & students to easily illustrate detail & complexity. slavery Social World Cultural World hierarchy segregation identity beliefs class custom equity status shared values privilege 9

10. Studying each context, is any one factor or world the primary cause of slavery? The root cause of slavery? Political World Economic World legal system labor system rights cost of production cause and effect slavery Social World Cultural World class system belief system segregation custom hierarchy identity equity privilege shared values status What are secondary or contributing causes?

11. Given the many factors involved, what is the best approach to abolishing slavery? Political World Economic World cost of production rights labor change the status quo legal system division of labor problem-solving change slavery Social World Cultural World protest Not everyone’s beliefs change hierarchy segregation identity beliefs class custom shared values equity status challenge Abolitionist ideas & values privilege the status quo start here

12. How did kings have legitimate authority over their people? p 176 Political World Economic World Social World Cultural World 12

13. How did kings have legitimate authority over their people? p 176 Political World Economic World “It is God who establishes kings. They thus act as ministers of God and His lieutenants on earth. It is through them that he rules. This is why we have seen that the royal throne is not the throne of a man, but the throne of God himself. It appears from this that the person of kings is sacred, and to move against them is a crime. Since their power comes from on high, kings… should exercise it with fear and restraint as a thing which has come to them from God, and for which God will demand an account. Social World Cultural World Jacques Bossuet, late 1600s 13

14. How did kings have legitimate authority over their people? Political World Economic World monarchy divine right of kings Social World Cultural World Kings were chosen by the gods. 14

15. How did kings have legitimate authority over their people? legitimate authority Political World Economic World monarchy divine right of kings Social World Cultural World religion Kings were chosen by the gods. beliefs ideas social science factors 15

16. How did kings have legitimate authority over their people? legitimate authority Political World Economic World monarchy divine right of kings power absolute legitimate authority Social World Cultural World religion Kings were chosen by the gods. beliefs ideas social science factors 16

17. How did kings have legitimate authority over their people? legitimate authority Political World Economic World monarchy divine right of kings power absolute legitimate authority Social World Cultural World religion accountability Kings were chosen by the gods. only indirectly to the people through direct accountability to God beliefs ideas social science factors 17

18. How did kings have legitimate authority over their people? p 176 Political World Economic World “It is God who establishes kings. They thus act as ministers of God and His lieutenants on earth. It is through them that he rules. This is why we have seen that the royal throne is not the throne of a man, but the throne of God himself. It appears from this that the person of kings is sacred, and to move against them is a crime. Since their power comes from on high, kings… should exercise it with fear and restraint as a thing which has come to them from God, and for which God will demand an account. sacred power Social World Cultural World account Jacques Bossuet, late 1600s For thousands of years, from Hammurabi to the Egyptian pharaohs to the kings of Europe, religious beliefs gave complete support to absolute rulers. absolute rulers religious beliefs 18

19. How did kings have legitimate authority over their people? legitimate authority Political World Economic World monarchy divine right of kings sacred power divine authority Social World Cultural World religion only to God accountable Kings were chosen by the gods. beliefs ideas social science factors 19

20. Revolution and Enlightenment – What are the “big ideas”? p 170 Political World Economic World Social World Cultural World

21. Revolution and Enlightenment – What are the “big ideas”? p 170 Political World Economic World Throughout history people have Social World Cultural World struggled for rights. Moral and ethical principles influence the development of political thought . 21

22. Revolution and Enlightenment – What are the “big ideas”? p 170 Political World Economic World Throughout history people have Social World Cultural World struggled for rights. Moral and ethical principles influence the development of political thought . Enlightenment thinkers principles thinkers political thought 22

23. Revolution and Enlightenment – What are the “big ideas”? p 170 Political World Economic World Which social science factors are at the heart of the Enlightenment? social science factors Throughout history people have Social World Cultural World struggled for rights. Moral and ethical principles influence the development of political thought . Enlightenment thinkers principles thinkers political thought 23

24. Revolution and Enlightenment – What are the “big ideas”? p 170 Political World Economic World Which social science factors are at the heart of the Enlightenment? social science factors Throughout history people have Social World Cultural World struggled for rights. values Moral and ethical principles influence the development of political thought . Enlightenment thinkers principles thinkers political thought watchdogs ideas beliefs advocates 24

25. Revolution and Enlightenment – What are the “big ideas”? p 170 Political World Economic World Which social science factors are at the heart of the Enlightenment? social science factors Throughout history people have Social World Cultural World struggled for rights. values Moral and ethical principles influence the development of political thought . Enlightenment thinkers principles thinkers development political thought watchdogs ideas beliefs advocates Ideas were enlightened by reason. Beliefs about rights were enlightened. 25

26. Revolution and Enlightenment – What are the “big ideas”? Political World Economic World Which social science factors are at the heart of the Enlightenment? social science factors Throughout history people have Social World Cultural World struggled for rights. values Moral and ethical principles influence the development of political thought . Enlightenment thinkers principles thinkers development political thought watchdogs ideas beliefs advocates Ideas were enlightened by reason. Ideas reason Beliefs about rights were enlightened. Beliefs rights 26

27. Revolution and Enlightenment – What are the “big ideas”? Political World Economic World Which social science factors are at the heart of the Enlightenment? social science factors Throughout history people have Social World Cultural World struggled for rights. values Moral and ethical principles influence the development of political thought . Enlightenment thinkers principles thinkers development political thought watchdogs ideas beliefs advocates Revolution Ideas were enlightened by reason. Ideas reason social movement Beliefs about rights were enlightened. Beliefs rights 27

28. Revolution and Enlightenment – What are the “big ideas”? Political World Economic World monarchy divine right of kings against the status quo Throughout history people have protest Social World Cultural World struggled for rights. values Moral and ethical principles influence the development of political thought . Enlightenment thinkers principles thinkers development political thought watchdogs ideas beliefs advocates Revolution Ideas were enlightened by reason. Ideas reason social movement Beliefs about rights were enlightened. Beliefs rights 28

29. What are the main purposes of a constitution? Enlightenment Political World Economic World Social World Cultural World 29

30. What are the main purposes of a constitution? Enlightenment Political World Economic World limit power of government protect rights of individuals Social World Cultural World 30

31. What are the main purposes of a constitution? Enlightenment Political World Economic World power limit power of government protect rights of individuals rights Social World Cultural World 31

32. What are the main purposes of a constitution? Enlightenment Political World Economic World Glorious Revolution 1689 power limit power of government protect rights of individuals rights The Glorious Revolution was an important turning point in English history. When William and Mary accepted the throne from Parliament, they agreed to a declaration of rights… Parliament was now recognized as a vital part of government, thus laying the foundation for a constitutional monarchy. Social World Cultural World p 174 32

33. What are the main purposes of a constitution? Enlightenment Political World Economic World Glorious Revolution 1689 power limit power of government protect rights of individuals rights The Glorious Revolution was an important turning point in English history. When William and Mary accepted the throne from Parliament, they agreed to a declaration of rights… Parliament was now recognized as a vital part of government, thus laying the foundation for a constitutional monarchy. turning point rights Social World Cultural World constitutional monarchy p 174 precedent set a precedent in Western political thought 33

34. What are the main purposes of a constitution? Enlightenment Political World Economic World rule of law power limit power of government protect rights of individuals rights Glorious Revolution 1689 Kings were no longer “above the law” Social World Cultural World 34

35. What are the main purposes of a constitution? Enlightenment Political World Economic World power limit power of government protect rights of individuals rights Social World Cultural World Enlightenment thinkers natural rights Locke life, liberty, property 35

36. What are the main purposes of a constitution? Enlightenment Political World Economic World Montesquieu separation of powers power limit power of government protect rights of individuals rights social contract Social World Cultural World Rousseau ideas Enlightenment thinkers natural rights Locke life, liberty, property freedom of speech Voltaire religious tolerance 36

37. What are the main purposes of a constitution? Enlightenment Political World Economic World Montesquieu separation of powers power limit power of government protect rights of individuals rights social contract Social World Cultural World Rousseau ideas Enlightenment thinkers thinkers philosophes natural rights Locke ▪ nobility ▪ middle class life, liberty, property p 184 freedom of speech Voltaire religious tolerance 37

38. What are the main purposes of a constitution? Enlightenment Political World Economic World Montesquieu separation of powers power limit power of government protect rights of individuals rights social contract Social World Cultural World Rousseau ideas Enlightenment thinkers thinkers philosophes natural rights Locke ▪ nobility ▪ middle class life, liberty, property p 184 freedom of speech Voltaire  role of middle class in a democracy religious tolerance Aristotle, p --- 38

39. How does classical liberalism relate to personal virtues? Political World Economic World Activities Database Virtues in Four Worlds Step 2: Classical Liberalism Social World Cultural World 39

40. How does classical liberalism relate to personal virtues? Political World Economic World vigilance hard work initiative ▪ provide for yourself & your family ▪ work hard to prosper ▪ stay informed ▪ vote Social World Cultural World civic duty individual responsibility ▪ virtuous life ▪ no entitlements ▪ support the common good ▪ community involvement 40

41. classical liberalism How does classical liberalism relate to personal virtues? Political World Economic World limit power vigilance hard work initiative ▪ provide for yourself & your family ▪ work hard to prosper ▪ stay informed ▪ vote Social World Cultural World civic duty individual responsibility ▪ virtuous life ▪ no entitlements ▪ support the common good ▪ community involvement

42. classical liberalism How does classical liberalism relate to personal virtues? Political World Economic World limit power = stop tyranny vigilance hard work initiative ▪ provide for yourself & your family ▪ work hard to prosper ▪ stay informed ▪ vote Social World Cultural World civic duty individual responsibility ▪ virtuous life ▪ no entitlements ▪ support the common good ▪ community involvement

43. classical liberalism How does classical liberalism relate to personal virtues? Political World Economic World limit power = stop tyranny = ensure liberty vigilance hard work initiative ▪ provide for yourself & your family ▪ work hard to prosper ▪ stay informed ▪ vote Social World Cultural World civic duty individual responsibility ▪ virtuous life ▪ no entitlements ▪ support the common good ▪ community involvement

44. classical liberalism How does classical liberalism relate to personal virtues? Political World Economic World limit power = stop tyranny = ensure liberty vigilance hard work initiative ensure rights ▪ provide for yourself & your family ▪ work hard to prosper ▪ stay informed ▪ vote Social World Cultural World civic duty individual responsibility ▪ virtuous life ▪ no entitlements ▪ support the common good ▪ community involvement

45. classical liberalism How does classical liberalism relate to personal virtues? Political World Economic World limit power = stop tyranny = ensure liberty vigilance hard work initiative ensure rights ▪ provide for yourself & your family ▪ work hard to prosper ▪ stay informed ▪ vote responsibilities Social World Cultural World civic duty individual responsibility ▪ virtuous life ▪ no entitlements ▪ support the common good ▪ community involvement

46. classical liberalism How does classical liberalism relate to personal virtues? Political World Economic World limit power = stop tyranny = ensure liberty vigilance hard work initiative ensure rights ▪ provide for yourself & your family ▪ work hard to prosper ▪ stay informed ▪ vote responsibilities Social World Cultural World civic duty individual responsibility ▪ virtuous life ▪ no entitlements ▪ support the common good ▪ community involvement

47. classical liberalism How does classical liberalism relate to personal virtues? Political World Economic World limit power = stop tyranny = ensure liberty vigilance hard work initiative ensure rights ▪ provide for yourself & your family ▪ work hard to prosper ▪ stay informed ▪ vote The price of freedom is eternal vigilance. price Thomas Jefferson responsibilities Social World Cultural World civic duty individual responsibility ▪ virtuous life ▪ no entitlements ▪ support the common good ▪ community involvement 47

48. classical liberalism How does classical liberalism relate to personal virtues? Political World Economic World limit power = stop tyranny = ensure liberty vigilance hard work initiative ensure rights ▪ provide for yourself & your family ▪ work hard to prosper ▪ stay informed ▪ vote civic republicanism responsibilities Social World Cultural World civic duty individual responsibility ▪ virtuous life ▪ no entitlements ▪ support the common good ▪ community involvement

49. classical liberalism How does classical liberalism relate to personal virtues? Political World Economic World limit power = stop tyranny = ensure liberty limited role of government vigilance hard work initiative ensure rights ▪ provide for yourself & your family ▪ work hard to prosper ▪ stay informed ▪ vote civic republicanism responsibilities Social World Cultural World civic duty individual responsibility ▪ virtuous life ▪ no entitlements ▪ support the common good ▪ community involvement

50. classical liberalism How does classical liberalism relate to personal virtues? Political World Economic World limit power = stop tyranny = ensure liberty limited role of government vigilance hard work initiative ensure rights ▪ provide for yourself & your family ▪ work hard to prosper ▪ stay informed ▪ vote civic republicanism responsibilities Social World Cultural World duties of the individual civil society civic duty individual responsibility active role democratic governance ▪ virtuous life ▪ no entitlements ▪ support the common good ▪ community involvement