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South West Asia and North Africa: An Introduction

South West Asia and North Africa: An Introduction. Algeria. Oasis, Sinai Peninsula. Bedouin People, Lebanon. Qatar. Nile River at Aswan, Egypt photo: Mark Chickering. Medinet Habu Temple, Egypt Photo: Mark Chickering. Rub al Khali Desert, Yemen. Yemen. Photos by Amira Bakr.

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South West Asia and North Africa: An Introduction

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  1. South West Asia and North Africa: An Introduction Algeria

  2. Oasis, Sinai Peninsula

  3. Bedouin People, Lebanon

  4. Qatar

  5. Nile River at Aswan, Egypt photo: Mark Chickering

  6. MedinetHabu Temple, Egypt Photo: Mark Chickering

  7. Rub al Khali Desert, Yemen

  8. Yemen

  9. Photos by Amira Bakr White Desert, Sahara, Egypt

  10. White Desert, Sahara

  11. “Magic Well, White Desert

  12. White Desert

  13. View of the Nile

  14. Red Sea

  15. Sinai Mtns

  16. Physiographic Regions • There are diverse features interspersed across the Middle East and North Africa: • Mountain Ranges • Coastal Lowlands • Highland Plateaus • Floodplains • Deserts • Two Crucial River Systems: • Tigris-Euphrates in Fertile Crescent • Nile (White Nile/Blue Nile) in North Africa

  17. Middle East and North Africa Elevations

  18. Generalized Tectonics of the Middle East

  19. Climate • Variable • Orographic Rainfall • Largely Arid- consider it’s location around 20-30N

  20. Climate in Middle East and North Africa

  21. Rich Cultural Heritage Turkey Photo: HadiArslan, Trek Earth Domestication of plants and animals led to: Agricultural Mini-Systems Development of villages Extended family systems, reorganization of land, resources Specialization in non-agriculture crafts Trade Networks

  22. Ancient Sites of Fertile Crescent

  23. Trade Routes in Greco-Roman World

  24. Recent Empires in the Middle East • Ottoman • European Mandates and Colonies, 1914- post World War II

  25. Colonial Regimes in 1914 Figure 6.11

  26. Family • Importance of kinship and tribe • Family as physical space and functional group • Gendered architecture

  27. Gender Roles and Gender Spaces • public vs private male vs female role of chador or veil Women at a mosque, Saudi Arabia Photo: Sherine Abdel Rassoul, Trek Earth

  28. Restrictions on Women Figure 6.24

  29. Contemporary Issues • Most contemporary problems stem from two things: • 1. Boundaries and borders created by colonial powers • Examples: Israel and Palestine • Iraq • Sudan – Darfur and South Sudan • 2. Strategic importance of region to political and economic interests of core countries • Israel and Palestine • Iraq, Iran

  30. Case Study: Yemen and the Rise of Al-Qaeda North Yemen- independent of Ottoman Empire in 1918 South Yemen- independent of British in 1967 North and South join in 1990 after 2 decades of fighting Socioeconomic protests in 2008 and in 2011, fueled by ‘Arab Spring’ Elections in Feb 2012, Pres. Salih transferred power to his VP, Hadi

  31. Yemen – Economic Information: • Low income country • Reliant on dwindling oil supplies • IMF grant to support economic and political reform • GDP – growth rate -2.5 (211 country in world) (2011) • GDP per cap PPP - $2500 (181 in world) • Unemployment: 35% • Poverty rate: 45.2% • Household income or consumption by percentage share: • lowest 10%: 2.9% • highest 10%: 30.8% (2005) Frontline Video: Al-Qaeda in Yemen http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/al-qaeda-in-yemen/

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