REDUCING RISKS, PREPARING FOR AND MANAGING ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS AND DISASTERS

1. REDUCING RISKS, PREPARING FOR AND MANAGING ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS AND DISASTERS Presentation of the Office of Civil Defense for the Mindanao Economy and Environment Summit, June 4-5, 2012, Davao City

2. “Disaster is a development issue and not a humanitarian issue.” - WB Institute

3. SCOPE OF PRESENTATION • Philippine Disaster Risk Profile • Overview of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management • Priority Programs and Projects • DRRM in the Context of Mindanao • Making DRRM Work: Options and Resources

4. Philippine Disaster Risk Profile

5. Philippine Disaster Risk Profile Over the past decades, the Philippines has been labeled as one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world mainly because of its geographic and geologic location, and physical characteristics.

6. Philippine Disaster Risk Profile The country lies along several active fault lines. All over the country, there are active, inactive and potentially active volcanoes. We record an average of 20 earthquakes per day and around 100-150 earthquakes felt per year.

7. Philippine Disaster Risk Profile Climate risks bring with it exposure to super typhoons, El Niño-related droughts, projected rainfall change and projected temperature increase. In addition, flooding is another hazard facing the country due to rains brought about by typhoons and the monsoon.

8. Philippine Disaster Risk Profile Aside from natural causes, the Philippines also experiences human‐induced disasters. These are brought about by hazards that are of political and socio‐economic origins and inappropriate and ill‐applied technologies.

9. Philippine Disaster Risk Profile Many are forced to evacuate during times of conflict and extreme weather conditions. People die from floods, landslides and earthquakes primarily due to the destruction of substandard buildings and inappropriate location. The health of people is severely at risk because of industrial and domestic waste that pollutes the water, land and air.

10. Major Typhoons and Impact (2005-2011)

11. Major Typhoons and Impact (2005-2011)

12. Major Typhoons and Impact (2005-2011)

13. Damage to Infrastructure

14. Damage to Agriculture

15. TS Sendong Disaster: Causes, Effects and Impacts Heavy rainfall in the upstream part of the CDO river basin which has 8 tributaries increased the volume and intensity of water that flowed into the basin. The combined effects of heavy rains and steep topography of the catchment, constricted waterways due to human settlement in the sandbars of the river and along the river banks, and various debris (including logs in the case of Iligan) caused the flash flood and resulting heavy casualties.

16. TS Sendong Disaster: Causes, Effects and Impacts • In Region 10 alone, 4 provinces, 26 municipalities, 3 cities, 206 barangays were affected; 70,314 families were affected/displaced, 1,206 were declared dead, 181 as missing, and 6,071 as injured. • Total number of damaged houses is placed at 39,888. Damage in productive, infrastructure, human development and other cross-sectoral concerns is estimated at PhP 1.865B. Total losses from all sectors combined is placed at PhP 733.615M. • Priority recovery and reconstruction needs is estimated to cost PhP 17.488B.

17. Understanding Disaster Risk Reduction and Management 4,000 deaths 2,000 missing 8,000 injured 17 Cotabato City waterfront warehouses and residential areas in the aftermath of the 1976 Moro Gulf Tsunami.

18. Risk = Hazards x Vulnerability / Capacity Hazards become disasters only if vulnerable people and resources are exposed to them. Vulnerability & Capacity Hazard DISASTER Exposure

19. “An Act Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System, Providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework and Institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan, Appropriating Funds Therefore and for Other Purposes”

20. Paradigm Shift in Disaster Management Bottom-up and participative disaster risk reduction Disasters mainly a reflection of people’s vulnerability Integrated approach to genuine social and human development to reduce disaster risk Focus on disaster response and anticipation Top-down disaster management Disasters as merely a function of physical hazards

21. FromDISASTER RESPONSE ToDISASTER RISK REDUCTION The provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected. Disaster response is predominantly focused on immediate and short-term needs and is sometimes called “disaster relief”. A systematic effort to analyze and manage the causes of disasters by reducing the vulnerabilities and enhancing capacities in order to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the probability of disaster.

22. Living with Risks • Disasters are not the necessary result of natural hazards but occur only when these natural hazards intersect with built environment (physical), particularly poorly located and poorly constructed development, as well as social, economic and other environmental vulnerabilities. • Natural hazards can not be directly managed. The characteristics of the built environment and underlying factors of a vulnerable condition can be managed. • Therefore, the only thing that can be done is to manage the built environment and address underlying factors or dynamic pressures of vulnerable conditions to reduce vulnerabilities as well as disaster risks.

23. DRRM Framework • The DRRM Law provides a responsive and proactive manner of addressing disasters through a framework that: • prioritizes community level disaster risk reduction and preventionfocusing on the most vulnerable sectors • strengthens local capacities • ensures broad-based and greater participation from the civil society, and • addresses the root causes of disaster risks

24. Key Players in DRRM National Government Local Government Civil Society Community

25. Priority DRRM Programs and Projects

26. DRRM Thematic Areas and Long-Term Goals

27. National DRRM Plan As Guide to national and local efforts on DRRM: • Raise awareness and understanding among government and the people on the country’s DRRM goal • Show the overall direction and set of priorities that delineates the fundamental elements and components of disaster risk reduction and disaster risk management in the country • Provide a common direction towards addressing underlying causes of vulnerability to help reduce and manage the risks to disasters • Show that DRR and DRM efforts are not isolated activities but are inevitably linked to the development process and should converge and contribute towards attaining sustainable development

28. National DRRM Plan Key Programs and Projects: • Establishment of DRRM Training Institutes and flood early warning system • Establishment of Local DRRMCs and offices • Hazard and risk mapping in the most high-risk areas in the country • Institutional capability program on DRRM and CCA for decision makers, public sector employees, and key stakeholders • Capacity building on PDNA for national government agencies, regional line agencies, and local government offices • Review, amend/revise the following: • Building Code to integrate DRRM and CCA • EO 72 s. 1993 on CLUPs of LGUs • Various environmental policies (ie., EO 26) to integrate DRRM and CCA

29. DRRM in the Mindanao Context

30. Mindanao at a glance • Mindanao is challenged by increasing disaster and climate risks caused by dynamic combination of natural and human-induced hazards, high degree of communities’ and people’s vulnerabilities due to exposure and low risk management capacities • Four (4) of the most disaster vulnerable regions can be found in Mindanao where 40% of families also live below poverty line. Incidentally, these are the regions (ARMM, Caraga, Western Mindanao, and South Central Mindanao) also found to be most prone to natural calamities and unstable peace and security conditions.

31. Mindanao at a glance • Over the last 3years, more than 50 incidences of flashflood, landslide and flooding have been recorded by the OCD in Region XII with total damage in properties valued at more or less P1.8B. • In the first seven months of 2011, NDRRMC has recorded 11 landslide and flooding incidents in Mindanao that affected an estimated 172,800 families and 283 barangays. • Human-induced disasters arising from armed conflict is recurring in the last 10 years, the latest of which (2008) led to displacement of more than 700,000 families.

32. Some Current Initiatives on DRRM • Implementation of EO 50 revitalizing the development and management of the Mindanao River Basin (MRB) through joint efforts of the OCD, the MinDAand DENR-RBCO • Formulation of the MRB Master Plan • Various capacity-building activities to strengthen local DRR and response management under OCD • World Bank-GFDRR and DILG-funded technical assistance to mainstream DRRM and CCA in local CLUPs and CDPs covering 12 municipalities in the provinces of Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Lanao del Norte and Davao del Sur.

33. Making DRRM Work:Options and Resources

34. Disaster Trends and Implications • Major disasters in the last six (6) years affected more than four (4) regions. The comprehensive, integrated and cluster approach in DRRM is a must to optimize scarce response resources thru multi-stakeholders’ participation. • Increasing intensity in rainfall signify both the potential benefit of water resource to be managed or the threat of losses if not properly mitigated. • Data-sharing and modeling for disaster prevention and mitigation have become imperatives for long-term solutions. • Intensifying damage and loss on infrastructure and agriculture calls for more effective risk transfer schemes that require establishing historical data on damage and loss at local, regional and national levels.

35. Disaster Trends and Implications • Increasing damages to infrastructure indicate the seriousness for the development and upgrading of engineering solutions (ie., retrofitting) and structural designs through science and worst-case scenario setting. Revisiting the current Building Code is a must. • Widespread agricultural losses warrant the development of disaster-resistant/tolerant agri-systems and improved farming technology • Increasing number of affected population emphasize the need for people’s awareness of DRR systems (ie., early warning, drills) and their active participation in DRRM.

36. Sources of DRR Support • National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund (NDRRMF) • Local DRRM/Calamity Fund (min of 5% of LGU Budget) • 20% Local Development Fund • National Government Agencies Budget on DRRM • Financing Institutions such as BLGF, DBP, etc. • Countryside Development Fund (CDF) • Lump Sum Funds under the Office of the President • Official Development Assistance

37. The Challenge. . . • Developing a common understanding of the different aspects of DRRM and commitment of stakeholders to consider these in national and local planning and programming. • Acquiring broad-based appreciation that DRRM is ... • about lessening the vulnerability and increasing capacities of men and women in communities and governments; • about mainstreaming disaster consciousness in national and local governance and development efforts; • strongly linked to climate change adaptation; and • achieved through multi-stakeholders partnership.

38. End of Presentation Thank you and Good Day!