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Breeds of Livestock

Breeds of Livestock. Fall 2009. Breed. Animals of common origin having characteristics that distinguish them other groups within the same species. Most breeds were developed to fit a set of environmental constraints -climate, forage, supply, specific, production goals.

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Breeds of Livestock

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  1. Breeds of Livestock Fall 2009

  2. Breed • Animals of common origin having characteristics that distinguish them other groups within the same species. • Most breeds were developed to fit a set of environmental constraints -climate, forage, supply, specific, production goals

  3. Utility of Breeds • Cattle -British -Continental -Bos Indicus • General -Sire breed -Maternal breed -Dual Purpose breed

  4. Ranking Breeds • Sire Breed: fast growing, muscular, late maturing, low milking • Maternal Breed: early maturing sexually, inherently fertile, moderate to heavy milking, small to moderate size • Dual Purpose breed

  5. Why use Crossbreeding? • Heterosis (hybrid vigor): ability of offspring to out perform the average of the parents breed • Complimentary of traits: take advantage of parent’s desirable traits

  6. British Breeds

  7. Angus (Scotland) • Black, naturally polled, moderate size • Excellent marbling, early compositional maturity • Excellent maternal breed, easy fleshing, good milk production • Early maturing sexually • Largest number of annual registrations in the USA • Recessive gene: Red Angus

  8. Angus

  9. Red Angus

  10. Hereford (England) • Red with white face, also white on underline, switch, etc. • Moderate size, adaptable to many environments, good disposition • Poorest marbling of the British breeds • U.S. registry Assn. of Hereford and Polled Hereford; merged in 1995 • 2nd Largest in annual registrations in the U.S.

  11. Hereford

  12. BosIndicus Breeds

  13. Brahman (India) • American Brahman is a cross of three Indian breeds • Both red and gray strains of Brahmans exist, both have black pigmentation, horned • Noted for heat tolerance, disease and insect resistance, and crossing ability • Poor marbling ability, and slow sexual maturity • Brahman composites: Brangus, Santa Gertrudis, Beefmaster, Braford, Simbrah, etc.

  14. Brahman

  15. Brangus (United States) • 5/8 Angus and 3/8 Brahman, black and naturally polled • Excellent mothering ability, early sexual maturing, heat tolerance and forage ability result from crossbreeding • Most “widespread” composite breed in the U.S.

  16. Brangus

  17. Santa Gertrudis (United States) • 5/8 Shorthorn and 3/8 Brahman, dark red, both polled and horned • Developed on the King Ranch in Kingsville by founder Robert J. Kleberg • Breed traces back to single sire • Noted for maternal ability, productivity under hot, adverse conditions

  18. Santa Gertrudis

  19. Beefmaster (United States) • Developed by Tom Lasater in the 1930’s in Texas • 50% Brahman, 25% Shorthorn, 25% Hereford, composite breed • No set color pattern • Developed on the 6 essentials: weight, conformation, fertility, hardiness, disposition, and milking ability • Noted for longevity, hardiness, rapid growth, and maternal ability

  20. Beefmaster

  21. Continental or European (Exotic) Breeds

  22. Charolais (France) • White/Off White, cream coloration • Extremely fast growing, muscular breed • Large framed with relatively heavy birth weights and large mature size • Produce lean, muscular carcasses • Below average maternally, problems with dystocia

  23. Charolais

  24. Chianina (Italy) • White coat with black skin pigmentation • One of the world’s oldest breeds • Extremely large framed, late maturing that is fast growing • Tremendous impact on the “show steer” industry • Produce lean, muscular carcasses, marbling in suspect, “out of the box” • Not considered a maternal breed

  25. Chianina

  26. Limousin (France) • Reddish gold in color • Moderate size • Below average maternally, lack in milk production • Produce extremely lean, muscular carcasses • Fastest growing breed in the country (% increase in registrations) • 3rd in annual U.S. registrations

  27. Limousin

  28. Texas Longhorn (Texas, were of Spain Origin) • Long, distinctive horns • Lived as feral cattle for approx. 300 years from 1550-1850, then we began to drive cattle north for slaughter (ex. Lonesome Dove • In the 1800s, began to improve Longhorns with British bulls, by the early 1900s the Longhorn was diluted nearly to extinction • 1927: Dept. of Interior paid $3000 to buy a purebred Longhorns to be maintained in Oklahoma. • Maintained as a hobby breed • Light muscled breed, low birth weight, excellent hardiness and known for longevity and ability to utilize forage

  29. Texas Longhorn

  30. Dairy Cattle

  31. Holstein-Friesian (Netherlands) • Dominant breed of dairy cattle (over 90% of all commercial dairy cattle) • Black and white color pattern (red and white do exist), large frame, easy going nature • Unparalleled milk production ability (20,121 lbs. of milk average in 305 days) • Lowest percentage in butterfat. • Butterfat: solids that are used for cheese, butter, and non-fat dry milk

  32. Holstein

  33. Jersey (Isle of Jersey) • Small, refined animal as surpassed femininity (big brown eyes) • Light tan to dark brown shades. • Highest percentage of butterfat • Many herd in Texas (Bluebell) • Very heat tolerant than other dairy breeds, thus popular in the south • Very fertile and early maturing sexually

  34. Jersey

  35. Swine Breeds

  36. Chester White (USA) • White hair with drooping ears • Noted for large ears, excellent mothering ability

  37. Landrace (Denmark) • White in color with huge drooping ears • Most prolific swine breed that is longer than other breeds because of an extra vertebrae • More confinement adaptable than many other breeds

  38. Landrace

  39. Yorkshire (England) • “Mother breed”, white erect ears, large and white • Noted for large litters, relatively lean carcasses and good feed conversion

  40. Yorkshire

  41. Duroc (USA) • Reddish brown (range from light red to dark red) with drooping ears • Excellent growth rate and feed efficiency, generally considered a sire breed • Tends to be fatter than Hampshire sired pigs

  42. Duroc

  43. Hampshire (USA) • Black with a white belt around shoulders, erect ears • Known for lean, muscular carcasses, primarily a sire breed

  44. Pietrain (Belgium) • Black and white spotted with erect ears • Extreme muscularity and leanness • Normally stress positive • Terminal sire breed

  45. Sheep Breeds

  46. Sheep Breeding • Dual Purpose -Dorset -Columbia -Corriedale • Important traits: Meat/Wool • Sire/Dam breeds

  47. Fine Wool Species

  48. Merino (Spain) • Most dominant breed in the world wide sheep industry • Very fine fleeces • Merinos are typically smaller than other wool breeds and slower growing • Very hardy, long lived sheep with excellent flocking instinct • White face breed

  49. Merino

  50. Rambouillet (France) • Descended from the Spain Merino, but larger and faster growing • Louis XVI purchased 366 Spanish Merinos from the King of Spain and developed the Rambouillet at the King’s estate in Rambouillet, France • Dominant range ewe in Western U.S and Texas • White faced breed that is not extremely prolific under range conditions

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