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Warm Up:. Happy Tuesday!!! What do you know about gladiators? Where have you seen gladiators in the media??. Roman Culture and Society. Roman Arts and Literature. The Romans spread Greco-Roman arts and culture throughout the empire. Roman Arts. Developed a taste for Greek statues.
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Warm Up: • Happy Tuesday!!! • What do you know about gladiators? • Where have you seen gladiators in the media??
Roman Arts and Literature The Romans spread Greco-Roman arts and culture throughout the empire
Roman Arts • Developed a taste for Greek statues
Sculpture • Sculptures produced more realistic works
Paintings • Painters painted portraits and landscapes on walls of villas
Architecture • Concrete helped to construct huge buildings that the Greeks could not create • Remarkable engineers • Roads, bridges, and aqueducts • Built 50,000 miles of roads throughout the empire • In Rome, a dozen aqueducts kept a population of one million supplied with water
Architecture • Excelled in architecture • Used curved forms • Arch, vault and dome
Slavery and Slave Revolts • No people in the ancient world had more slaves or depended on slaved more than the Romans • Large numbers of captured soldiers in war became slaves • Used as: household workers, cooks, valets, waiters, cleaners, gardeners, farm laborers • Many slave holders were afraid of their slaves b/c they treated them so awful
Slavery and Slave Revolts • If a slave killed his master, the slave would be executed and all other slaves would be killed too • Most famous slave revolt was led by the gladiator Spartacus • In 73 B.C. he led 70,000 slaves • Defeated several armies • 6,000 of his followers were crucified or nailed to a cross
Aqueducts and Roman Roads • Superb builders • Network of 50,000 miles of roads • Rome- a dozen aqueducts kept 1 million people supplied with water
Life in Ancient Rome City life in Ancient Rome had great problems similar to life today
Family • The heart of Roman society was the family • Paterfamilias- the dominant male • Included wife, sons and their wives, unmarried daughters, and slaves
Education • Raised their children at home • Upper-class children: expected to learn and read • Father was chief figure in providing education • Decided whether to teach them, hire a teacher, or send to school • Teachers were often Greek slaves
Adulthood • Childhood ended for: • Boys- 16 • Girls- 12-14 • Ceremony for boys- trade in purple toga • Girls ceremony- marriage • Women must have male guardians • Paterfamilias responsibility • When he dies, sons or nearest relative takes over
Marriage • Girls could get married as young as 12 • Boys usually 16-18 • Meant for life • 3rd century A.D.- introduce divorce • Easy to obtain • Husband or wife could ask for it • Fathers arranged marriages for their daughters
Women • More independence and freedom • Right to own, inherit and sell property • Not segregated from men in the homes • Could attend races, theater, amphitheater but sit in separate sections • Accompanied by maids • Could not participate in politics
Living Conditions in Rome • Center of the empire was Rome, one million people at the time of Augustus • Boasted public buildings like no other in the world, but also was over crowded and noisy • Hard to sleep at night • Dangerous- could be robbed • Wagon traffic horrible • Soaked by fiflth trhown out of windows
Where they lived • The rich lived in comfortable villas • The poor lived in apartment blocks called insulae • Fire an extreme hazard • Hard to put out • Famous one in A.D. 64 • High rent- lived in one room • No AC or central heating= very uncomfortable
Living Conditions in Rome • Emperors proved food for the poor • Large scale entertainment was provided for the people of Rome • 1. Horse and chariot races in Circus Maximus • 2. Dramatic performances were held in theaters • 3. Gladiator shows
The Roman Gladiators A Gladiator’s Life Types of Gladiators Circus Maximus and The Colosseum
A Gladiator’s Life • As Rome expands it comes into conflict with other cultures • Majority of those that become gladiators are because of conquest • The conquered were then escorted back to Rome where they would be sold in slave markets
A Gladiator’s Life • Sent to a ludus gladiatorious to be trained • Training was under the supervision of a lanista or “the butcher” • Abuse was common place and was both physical and psychological (whipping most common) • Day consisted of lifting weights and learning the art of death
A Gladiator’s Life • Common myth is that gladiators were only slaves • Majority were but they were criminals, debtors and those condemned to death • Trained according to one’s physical attributes or skills
At the Coliseum • At the coliseum gladiators fought first • Concerned about survival and what lanistawill do if you do not perform well • After condemned are killed, animals hunted and criminal fights • Gladiators fight again in late day but it is to the death now
Death of Gladiators • Defeated gladiators could appeal for mercy but it was at the whim of the crowd • Death did not always come at the hands of one’s opponent • Men dressed as Roman gods would kill the loser in a variety of ways to add to the sensationalism of the event • Thumbs down meant to spare the gladiator • A thumb up meant to kill him
Colosseum • Built by Emperor Vespasian and Titus 70-80 A.D. • Seated 45,000, had two large restroom areas, covered area, numbered seating based on class, and had supporting facilities nearby • Longest games were 123days long
Colosseum • Exotic animals hunts, gladiatorial combat, executions, brutal plays, battle recreations and possibly naval battles with alligators entertained the crowds
Zliten Mosaic Originally in a Roman seaside villa Now in Archaeological Musuem Tripoli, Tunisia
Fragment of a Relief Showing Gladiators in the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art Roman, 1st-3rd century ADRecorded ca. 1880 in the Vigna Aquari in Rome.Accession # 57.11.
Gladiator cup, ca. 50–80 A.D.; Neronian–Early FlavianicRoman; Found at Montagnole, southern France Now in New York Metropolitan Museum of Art Glass; H. 2 7/8 in. (7.3 cm), Diam. 3 1/8 in. (7.9 cm)Gift of Henry G. Marquand, 1881 (81.10.245)
