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A REVIEW

RESEARCH METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY . A REVIEW. TYPES OF RESEARCH. OBSERVATIONAL RESEARCH. CASE STUDIES . DEFINED : An extensive study of one person or small group observations interviews tests diaries Gives background on individual situation  may be able to help that person

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A REVIEW

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  1. RESEARCH METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY A REVIEW

  2. TYPES OF RESEARCH

  3. OBSERVATIONAL RESEARCH

  4. CASE STUDIES • DEFINED: • An extensive study of one person or small group • observations • interviews • tests • diaries • Gives background on individual situation  may be able to help that person  Hard to generalize; may not receive honest answers

  5. LONGITUDINAL STUDIES • Study the same group of subjects at regular intervals over time •  Especially useful in developmental and educational research •  Expensive & time consuming

  6. Cross-sectional studies • it can compare different population groups at a single point in time. • Less expensive & time consuming than longitudinal • Not as accurate for developmental & educational studies

  7. A study of the amount of time teens, adults in their 20’s and adults in their 40’s spend on their phone Study of 100 football players over a 10 year period – how concussions impact brain function?

  8. Naturalistic observation • Observe subjects in own (natural) environment • More realistic setting • Difficult to control variables • Can’t interact with subjects – may misinterpret what you see

  9. Establishing correlation in observational research Psychologists use CORRELATION (a measure of how closely one thing is related to another) to analyze & interpret data from research. What’s the relationship between two variables? Or is there one?

  10. Examples of correlational research Positive correlation - An increase in one variable results in the increase in the other. What is the relationship between #of hours spent studying and academic success? What is the relationship between number of hours spent watching tv and obesity?

  11. Negative correlation – One variable increases and other decreases

  12. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH Can determine CAUSE & EFFECT

  13. SAMPLE STUDY: Sleeping pills and quality of sleep Researchers want to determine if people who have trouble sleeping or suffer from insomnia are helped by taking a sleeping pill before going to bed. The researcher assembled two groups of insomniac subjects and gave sleeping pills to one group and placebos to the other. Researchers interviewed subjects on the quality of their sleep. Identify the parts of the study: Independent variable: Dependent variable: Control group: Experimental group:

  14. Sample Study: Exercise and sleep One study led by researchers at Stanford University involved 43 sedentary, healthy adults 50-76 years of age with mild to moderate sleep problems such as a taking longer than 25 minutes on average to fall asleep and sleeping an average of only 6 hours a night. Half of the participants underwent 16 weeks of aerobics, each week consisting of two hour long low impact classes at the YMCA and two 40 minute sessions of walking or stationary bike riding at home. The other half did nothing. At the end of the study, the subjects who exercised reported the fell asleep about 15 minutes faster and slept longer than before. Those who didn’t exercise showed little or no change. Identify the following parts of the study: The hypothesis: Experimental Group: Control Group: Independent Variable: Dependent Variable:

  15. Why do researchers conduct single-blind studies? Your Answer:

  16. What is the difference between a single-blind and a double-blind study? Your answer:

  17. Placebo effect What is it? Your example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yfRVCaA5o18&list=PL8B9C9F3B38509FF3

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