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Human Development Reports in India From Analysis to Action

Human Development Reports in India From Analysis to Action. K. Seeta Prabhu UNDP India Presented at IGIDR 19 June 2009. Structure of Presentation. The Setting HD Analysis- State HDRs & Challenges Policy Impact Moving to HD Action SSPHD What Next?.

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Human Development Reports in India From Analysis to Action

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  1. Human Development Reports in India From Analysis to Action K. Seeta Prabhu UNDP India Presented at IGIDR 19 June 2009

  2. Structure of Presentation • The Setting • HD Analysis- State HDRs & Challenges • Policy Impact • Moving to HD Action • SSPHD • What Next?

  3. 1.15 billion people- median age: 24. 8 years Rich diversity Hindu : 80.5 %, Muslim: 13.4 %, Christian 2.3 %, Sikh 1.9 % 15 national languages Parliamentary Democracy Federal Republic – Focus on Decentralisation Independent Media Right to Information Act India- The Setting

  4. High growth rate - poverty declined from 36%-27.5 % between 1994 and 2004 (1$a day- 34 . 2%, 2$a day- 80.4%) HDI value in 2005 India -0.619, rank 128 China -0.777, rank 81 Absolute numbers of deprived gigantic 301 mn Poor >total pop Brazil181mn+ Japan 128 mn 296 mnIlliterate > total pop United States 292 mn 233 mn Undernourished = total pop Indonesia 217 mn + Ghana 21 mn India’s performance will have impact on MDGs globally High Growth but Challenge of Inclusion…..

  5. India’s Eighth Plan (1992 - 1997) ‘Human development ultimate goal of all planning’ Global launch of HDR 1993 in New Delhi acted as trigger First step towards State level HDR by Madhya Pradesh Govt prepared HDR from own resources - released1995 Followed by Govt of Karnataka - 1999 UNDP role - technical support Demand from other State governments HD Analysis - The Demand

  6. Planning Commission (Govt of India) - UNDP project Capacity Development for State HDRs 1999-2002-2005 Given India’s size and diversity focus on provincial HDRs UNDP commitment - 500,000 USD - Dedicated unit formed in August 2000 Principles of HDR preparation- Government ownership Participatory process Independence of analysis The Response

  7. Jammu & Kashmir Himachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Punjab Uttaranchal Haryana Delhi Sikkim Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh Assam Bihar Nagaland Manipur Jharkhand West Bengal Gujarat Madhya Pradesh Tripura Mizoram Chhattisgarh Meghalaya Orissa Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Follow-up underway with Planning Commission-UNDP assistance SHDRs launched SHDRs being finalised Goa Karnataka Tamil Nadu Andaman & Nicobar Island Kerala HDR Preparation Gathers Momentum

  8. Govt ownership and participatory process - Initiatives Wide ranging participation NGOs, academics, government Open review of draft Chhattisgarh- people’s participation NHDR Award for Participatory processes Chhattisgarh clip.wmv Government’s fear of public opinion Adversarial nature of dialogue between NGOs and Govt Challenges

  9. Quality of Analysis Editorial Independence 18 State HDRs launched NHDR awards-West Bengal -Chhattisgarh Govt ownership & Quality of Analysis- Initiatives Independent institutions/researchers Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Orissa, Kerala Data from authentic sources- Census, NSS, NFHS Editors from media – Maharashtra Reputed academics as lead authors – West Bengal HDR award for Excellence in Quality of Analysis in 2004 Constraints Defensive government departments Lack of understanding of product as different from departmental report Fear of public backlash Challenges

  10. Govt ownership & independence of analysis-Initiatives Involving media from the beginning Involving wide range of stakeholders Soft advocacy on potential use for policy action Constraints Change in political regimes -Chhattisgarh, UP Proximity of state elections –Himachal Pradesh Strong opinions of diverse groups – Manipur Social groups issues not addressed- NHDR evaluation Challenges

  11. Increased allocation to social sectors Madhya Pradesh & Maharashtra HD budget Newer Institutional mechanisms- holistic planning and monitoring Poverty and HD division in Karnataka HD and poverty chapterin Economic Survey - Karnataka HD Mission in Maharashtra for low HDI districts More intensive study on priority issues for policy action Sikkim focus on education system West Bengal focus on landlessness Impact of State HDRs

  12. NHDR Evaluation- India as case study- p.26 ‘State Reports have affected social policies most especially those dealing with education and health and have led to more policy oriented research’ ‘In some States, HDRs have had a particularly strong impact including major media attention, mentioned in State Assembly debates and establishment of new government policies to address issues raised’ ‘In general, have led to better understanding of the concept of human development’ Limitation – still equated with HDI – broader concept yet to be understood fully NHDR Evaluation

  13. Planning Commission (Govt Of India) UNDP Project CCF II 2004-2007 Strengthening State Plans for Human Development UNDP core resources – USD 5 million – now close to11 million USD up to 2009 Thrust Areas Capacity Building for Human Development Strengthening State Statistical Systems Financing for Human Development Moving Beyond Analysis to Action

  14. Institutional Mechanisms HDRC units for coordination of HD initiatives Steering Cmt drawn from all relevant departments Influencing Planning and Policy District HDRs in low HDI districts- tools for planning State Level MDG based PRSPs Chapters on HD in State Plans/Economic Survey Thrust Areas – Capacity Building for HD

  15. Capacity Building -Training in State Administrative Training Insitutes - Curriculum in Universities with UGC support -Gender training added with additional core resources (1.5 million USD) Advocacy - State Level Strategies supported with DFID funding (1.5 million USD) - 23 Films by Film and Television Institute of India - Calendars on MDGs and HD Capacity Building for HD

  16. Social Sectors mainly in State Government domain in division of responsibilities between Centre and States State governments experienced fiscal stringency during period of economic reforms Initiatives Action Research on financing options for State Governments Policy notes on options both on revenue and expenditure sides Quarterly Training Programme by the Central Bank of the country on Financing for Human Development Financing Options

  17. Partnership with Central Statistical Organisation Focus on training and methodologies for estimating District level per capita District Domestic Product District poverty – Advisory Cmt with Planning Commission District IMR and Life Expectancy District level HD/MDG indicators for HD monitoring Strengthening Statistical Systems

  18. XII Finance Commission’s use of HDI XI Five year Plan focus on Inclusive growth- HD approach HD chapters in 8 State level Five Year Plans Courses on HD in 3 Universities HD integrated into Indian Administrative Service course 15 State Training Institutes deliver HD modules on regular basis for state & district departmental staff - through satellite in Karnataka for local bodies (17000 at a time) Project expansion from 8 states to 14 - spur to complete SHDRs Progress and Impact

  19. HD monitoring-people oriented process- PAHELI - HD Report Cards Use of HD cards by UNDAF districts for UN system planning – demand from Rajasthan, Orissa and Punjab Linking NREGS with human development – Swaminathan’s suggestion – action initiated by Rural Development Ministry Gender disaggregated data and gender budgeting with UNIFEM – training on gender budgeting for State Governments Special focus on disadvantaged sections Next Steps

  20. Integration with Governance portfolio Capacity building initiatives for local bodies Integrated planning surpassing departmental boundaries Integrated in UNDP Cy Programme 50 District HDRs at various stages of finalisation – Bankura, Malda and Birbhum already released – used as tools for district planning State governments extending DHDR preparation to all districts – e.g West Bengal National HDR in 2009? Next Steps

  21. Strong commitment by all concerned UNDP Dedicated staff within UNDP Dedicated and sustained core resources over two project cycles Planning Commission Strong ownership Consistent monitoring Persuasion in State plan discussions Political commitment Legislators’ forums in States Continuous dialogue with parliamentarians on HD What helped

  22. HDRs- 50 District HDRs as tools for district planning HDRs- 13 city PRSPs owned by municipal corporations Data- district level HD monitoring- report cards Advocacy- Films, MDG oriented PRSPs Research - network of young research scholars on HD Teaching -Graduates and Diploma holders in HD – TISS Certificate Course on HD and Social Accountability in 2009 Action- District collectors and panchayat members sensitised to HD approach-use DHDRs as tools Financing options for HD identified and acted upon HDI used for resource allocation by XIII Finance Cmn Looking forward to

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