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Nutrition

Nutrition. Nutrients. Chemicals in food that cells need Macronutrients - large amounts daily Micronutrients - smaller amounts daily Food contains some combinations of 6 kinds of nutrients. Macronutrients. 3 kinds: Carbohydrates major source of energy made of C, H, O

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Nutrition

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  1. Nutrition

  2. Nutrients • Chemicals in food that cells need • Macronutrients - large amounts daily • Micronutrients - smaller amounts daily • Food contains some combinations of 6 kinds of nutrients

  3. Macronutrients • 3 kinds: • Carbohydrates • major source of energy • made of C, H, O • used for energy quickly • if energy not required stored for later use: • glycogen in animals – stored in liver & muscles • cellulose in plants – stored in cell walls

  4. Types of Carbs • Monosaccharide – simple sugars • ex glucose (and its isomers) • broken down by mitochondria to release energy • leftover C used to build new molecules • Polysaccharides – complex carbohydrates • starches ex. grains, rice, potatoes etc • broken down into simple sugars during digestion • excess sugar stored as glycogen in liver to be broken down if sugar levels too low

  5. 3. Cellulose • cell walls • fibre ex. fruits, vegetables, whole grains, etc. • body can’t break it down • ‘sweeps’ materials through the digestive system more quickly • reduces risk of heart disease & colon cancers

  6. 2. Proteins • control every body function • enzymes – speed up reactions • made of combinations of over 20 amino acids • bodies can make 12 of these a.a • 8 need to come from diet • important for vegetarians/vegans to get these

  7. Types of Proteins Type Example • Structural tendons, cartilage, hair, nails • Contractile muscles • Transport haemoglobin, myoglobin • Storage milk, nuts, seeds • Hormonal insulin, growth hormone • Enzyme catalyses cells rxns • Protection immune response

  8. How complex are proteins? The image on the right shows a ball-and-stick model of a single amino acid. In the top right corner are molecules of glucose and ATP, the energy molecule of the human body, for comparison.

  9. 3. Lipids (Fats) • long-term energy storage • fat-soluble vitamins • insulate and protect organs • make up cell membrane • steroid hormones • made of fatty acids and glycerol • 3 types: • Saturated Fatty Acids • is saturated (full) of H atoms, can’t bond with any more • it is solid at room temperature (animal fat)

  10. 2.Unsaturated Fatty Acids • has room to bond with 2 more hydrogen • is liquid at room temp. (plant fats – oils) 3. Trans fats: • partially hydrogenated (added H) unsaturated fats • Solid at room temp, often used in frying fast foods • Even small amounts in our diet are linked to heart disease.

  11. Micronutrients • 2 kinds: • Vitamins: • organic nutrients (C) • allow bodies to assemble the 3 macronutrients • water soluble – not stored in body, need to consume every day. ex B, C • fat soluble – stored in fats ex A, D, E, K 2. Minerals: • inorganic • needed daily through food to keep body systems running properly

  12. Water • most important nutrient • 75% body mass is water • consumed in lg quantities on a regular basis. • every cell needs water to complete its processes • many body processes take place in or use water • lost through sweating, breathing, urination

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