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Suggestions for the Testing and Evaluation Of EMP/HPM/RF Devices with Weaponry Applications

Suggestions for the Testing and Evaluation Of EMP/HPM/RF Devices with Weaponry Applications. EMP = Electromagnetic Pulse HPM = High-Power Microwave RF = Radio Frequency. Presented by: Stephanie E. Brown 16 March 2006. According to Benford and Swegle, a HPM device

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Suggestions for the Testing and Evaluation Of EMP/HPM/RF Devices with Weaponry Applications

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  1. Suggestions for the Testing and Evaluation Of EMP/HPM/RF Devices with Weaponry Applications • EMP = Electromagnetic Pulse • HPM = High-Power Microwave • RF = Radio Frequency Presented by: Stephanie E. Brown 16 March 2006

  2. According to Benford and Swegle, a HPM device • Radiates at 1 – 300 GHz • Operates at least at 100 MW

  3. According to Swegle in a 2004 IEEE submission: The term High-Power Microwave (HPM) is “imprecisely” used by the DoD community Within the community it describes pulse devices that do not necessarily operate in the microwave region

  4. Outline: - What is a pulsar (HPM) device? - Why does DoD care? - What are the problems with device characterization? - What are some suggested solutions? - Summary / Wrap-up

  5. The E-Bomb Ref: Kopp, Carlo; “The Electromagnetic Bomb – a Weapon of Electrical Mass Destruction”

  6. The E-Bomb Ref: “How Stuff Works.Com”

  7. Not all HPMs are 1 shot munitions Altgilbers, Larry L., Tkach,Yuriy, Tkach, Iaroslav, et al, Magnetocumulative Generators.

  8. Typical Physical Construction of Pulse Forming HPM Devices Power Supply Oscillator Pulse Former Radiator

  9. So why does DoD care?

  10. We all should remember… E = V/d V = IR P = I²R

  11. What are the fundamental problems with the Characterization of these devices? • No Data • Proprietary and classification issues • Fear of data misrepresentation • Inappropriate Data • Just plain bad • Not comparable • No supporting documentation

  12. 25!

  13. BRING IT BACK TO FUNDAMENTALS!

  14. Where should the device be tested?

  15. Anechoic Chamber Range or Field Test Ref: Wikipedia and White Sands Missile Range

  16. Meeting the Far Field Condition Far Field

  17. What measurement probes are the best? • Electric field probes • Differential magnetic field probes

  18. Example of a pulse obtained by an E-Field Probe

  19. E = H Quick conversion from E-field to H-field • Another use of the far-field condition = 377 ohms

  20. Radiation Pattern and Field Strength 10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m Field dissipation = 1/R?

  21. Signal Processing Techniques

  22. Apply a Window before applying the FFT

  23. The signal in the frequency domain

  24. Method 1: Include a little noise

  25. Method 2: Just take the first cycle

  26. Basic power and energy calculations (w/m²) (joules)

  27. Conclusions • Test in an isolated environment • Make sure far-field conditions are met • Try to utilize an E-field probe • Get the radiation pattern • Ensure device repeatability • Check for appropriate field dissipation • Implement simple, accurate signal • techniques • Determine energy delivered by the pulse • Document methodologies

  28. References: [1]. Benford, James, Swegle, John; High-Power Microwaves; Artech House Inc.; 1992.  [2]. Schamiloglu, Edl; “High-Power Microwave Sources and Applications”;  IEEE MTT-S Digest; 2004. [3]. Baker, Robert, J., Schamiloglu, Edl; High-Power Microwave Sources and Technologies,  IEEE Press/Wiley and Sons; 2001. [4]. Altgilbers, Larry L., Tkach,Yuriy, Tkach, Iaroslav, Et AL; Magnetocumulative Generators; Springer; 2000. [5]. Kopp, Carlo; “The Electromagnetic Bomb – a Weapon of Electrical Mass Destruction”; http//www.airpower.Maxwell.af.mil/airchronicals/kopp/apjemp.html; Accessed: 7 March 2006. [6]. “Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) – Iraq”; http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/intro/ied-iraq.htm; Accessed: 12 March 2006. [7] Balanis, Constantine A.,” Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics”, John Wiley and Sons 1989. [8] How Stuff Works; http://science.howstuffworks.com/e-bomb3.htm; Accessed: 10 March 2006; [9] How Stuff Works; http://electronics.howstuffworks.com; Accessed: 10 March 2006 [10]. “High –power microwave (HPM)/E-Bomb”; http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/hpm.htm ; Accessed: 10 March 2006. [11] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Anechoic_chamber.jpg; Accessed 14 March 2006. [12] http://www.wsmr.army.mil/bd/where.html; Accessed 14 March 2006.

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