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The Ancient World

The Ancient World. Chronology of Egyptian History Dynasties 0-II - 3600-2650 BCE Prehistoric and Early Dynastic: consolidation of the territory from the Nile delta to Aswan, with the capital at Memphis; brick tombs in Abydos and Saqqara Dynasties III-VI - 2650-2150 BCE

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The Ancient World

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  1. The Ancient World

  2. Chronology of Egyptian History Dynasties 0-II - 3600-2650 BCE Prehistoric and Early Dynastic: consolidation of the territory from the Nile delta to Aswan, with the capital at Memphis; brick tombs in Abydos and Saqqara Dynasties III-VI - 2650-2150 BCE The Old Kingdom: state organization, religion and hieroglyphic script fully developed; early step pyramids, height of pyramid building, rock-cut tombs Dynasties VII-XI - 2150-2040 BCE First Intermediate period: Egypt moves from a position of power in the Middle East to foreign rule by the Hyksos; Karnak and Dier el-Bahari Dynasties XI-XIV - 2040-1640 BCE Middle Kingdom: rock tombs Dynasties XV-XVII - 1640-1550 BCE Second Intermediate Period Dynasties XVIII-XX - 1550-1070 BCE New Kingdom: Akhenaten and Tutankhamun; Temple of Amun in the Valley of the Kings Dynasties XXI-XXIV - 1070-712 BCE Third Intermediate Period: division of Egypt into northern and southern empires; temples in the Nile delta Dynasties XXV-XXXI, Alexandrian and Roman rule - 750 BCE-395 CE Late Period and Ptolemaic Empire: Temple of Horus at Edfu, Temple of Hathor at Dendera

  3. AncientArchitecture

  4. Structure like Stonehenge: ceremonial and ritual • Agriculture produced permanent settlements • Ancient Egypt • Preservation of the mortal body • Architecture was MONUMENTAL • Wall Construction (pyramids) & Post-and-Lintel (temples) • Materials: unrefined mud-brick, wood and bundled papyrus reeds

  5. Characteristics of the Ancient: Natural forms can seen in the development of the Egyptian column Abstracted flowers of native plants - papyrus, palm and lotus Engaged Columns: partially embedded Capitals blossomed to the sky… supporting the heavens Colonnade: Row of columns Entablature: Horizontal moulding above columns

  6. Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom Architecture: Ka: spirit or life force of the individual: a body must inhabit it. Mastabas: mud-bricked, one-story, flat-topped building with sloped sides (these resembled the domestic dwelling at the time) c. 2650 BCE Stone began to replace the mud-brick King Djoser’s step pyramid, Saqqara Necropolis: burial site

  7. c. 2750 BCE Transformation into the “true” pyramid (Snefru's Bent Pyramid in Dahshur) 60° became 45° (52° became standard) c. 2601-2515 BCE Giza Pyramids

  8. Middle Kingdom Architecture: Rock-cut Tombs c. 1470 BCE Temple of Queen Hatshepsut Porticoes: porch w/ 4-sided Columns New Kingdom Architecture: The god-king worship transferred… A triad of deities: Theban god Amun, wife Mut, son Khonsu Hypostyle Hall: a vast hall filled with columns Nave: central open space Clerestory: a row of high windows > Great Temple of Amun at Karnak (artist’s interpretation)

  9. AncientFurnitureand Decoration

  10. Tutankhamen's Tomb X-frame stool

  11. Queen of Ramesses II, Nefertari (1250 BCE) Tomb Mural

  12. AncientDress

  13. Egypt; Artistic Convention Clothing was well preserved… airtight! Loose-fitting and flowing (draped and closed-sewn) Egyptian Architecture and Fashion remained relatively stable and unaffected by influences from other cultures until Greek and Roman domination. There was an appreciation of the beauty of the nude human form. Egyptian art and architecture reflects a love of clarity of form that is carried into dress. Basic Garments: Linen (wool was available, but “unclean”) Bleached with Sulphur Weaving: High Thread Count: 150 warp threads by 120 weft Basic Components: skirt, loincloth, tunic, cloak or cape and the wrapped robe. Tunics were simple rectangles of cloth folded in half, with holes cut for the head to pass through, and seams closing the sides. Minimal sewing, cutting or construction was required.

  14. Men’s Dress Loincloth: triangular piece tied like a diaper Shenti: skirt (wrapped over-cloth) Postiche: False Beard Cape-like collar

  15. Women’s Dress Undergarments and Bead-net Dress

  16. Women’s Dress Robes < Goddess Hathor was the goddess of joy, motherhood, and love.

  17. Cosmetics (both sexes): Lines were drawn around the upper and lower eyelids in green or black paint. Kohl: a black powder of lead sulphide Cones of wax impregnated with scented oils on their heads would melt in the sun to lubricate and protect the skin. Klaft: Triangular kerchief

  18. Headdresses: Isis: Sun Cleopatra: Falcon/vulture Uraeus: snake

  19. Crowns and Sandals Pschent: Double crown

  20. Jewelry Pectorals : Neckpieces of semi-precious stones. Scarab Beetle

  21. Discussion

  22. Discuss these 2 images in regard to the ELEMENTS OF DESIGN (Line, Form/Shape, Mass, Value, Color, Measure, Position and Texture): ^ Court of Amenhotep III - Luxor Temple (c. 1350 BCE) >Tomb of Inherka (Anhurkhawi ) (c. 1175 BCE)

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