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Dive into the social classes of the Middle Ages and the evolution of music in the 14th century, from Ars Nova to iconic composers like Francesco Landini and Guillaume de Machaut. Discover how historical events influenced secular music and the rise of polyphony.
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Journal Entry #6? • In which of the three social classes during the Middle Ages do you think you would have belonged? Why?
14th c. MUSIC • The Ars Nova (“New Art”) in Italy and France • Hundred Years’ War, plague, etc. led to more secular music • Music included more things like drinking songs, shouts, even dog barks
Early 14th c.: notation had evolved and could specify almost any rhythm • Beats could be divided into two or three • Syncopation
Francesco Landini (?-1397) • Italian • Blind since childhood • Organist, poet, scholar, inventor of new string instrument • Wrote songs for two or three voices • Dealt with love, nature, morality, politics • Ballata – Italian poetic and musical form, originated as a dance song
LISTENING FOR DANCE • Ecco la primavera • Francesco Landini
Guillaume de Machaut (c. 1300-1377) • French • Priest, court official for various royal families • At age 60, fell in love with Peronne d’Armentieres, 19 • Voir dit (Tale of Truth)
Traveled, gifted decorated copies of his music to noble patrons • Why his music has survived • His works show the decline of the church
Best known composition: Notre Dame Mass • For four voices • First known polyphonic treatment of the mass ordinary • Mass ordinary: texts that are used every day in church year • Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei • Most set texts in history
LISTENING FOR POLYPHONY • Agnus Dei from Notre Dame Mass • Guillaume de Machaut