kdheks

1. www.kdheks.gov Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

2. Greenhouse Gas Policy Choices Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

3. Climate Forecasting • Climate models have improved A LOT and fit history well, but a major uncertainty is still: What will WE do? • UN - IPCC “Emissions Scenarios” • A2: heterogeneous world, continued population growth • A1B: rapid economic growth, homogeneous world, population peaks ~2050, mixed fossil/non-fossil fuel use • B1: =A1 with global sustainability and equity focus • Most projections require 60% to 80% reductions by 2050 Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

4. Climate Simulations UN IPCC Projections more People, Development & Pollution less Model Fits Observations Well for 1880-2003 Future Global Warming Depends Strongly on GHG Scenarios

5. UN Climate Change Conference 2007Bali, Indonesia • US signed Bali Action Plan • Commits to mitigation (i.e. emission reductions) without agreeing to actual targets • Development of an adaptation fund • Technology transfer to developing countries • Aligning climate change efforts with trade, development, and poverty policy issues • Preventing deforestation Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

6. European Union: Kyoto Protocol European Trading Scheme Community Tax Framework Renewable Electricity Directive Agreement with Automakers China: Fuel Economy Standards Energy Intensity Goal Renewable Energy Initiatives Japan: Kyoto Protocol Industry Agreements Energy Taxes Auto Fuel Economy India: Energy Reforms Renewable Energy Rural Electrification Vehicle Conversion International Policy Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

7. Regulatory Approaches:What, How, Who and When? • Six sectors may mean at least that many approaches • Upstream (coal, fuels) vs. downstream (appliances, vehicles) • Direct and Indirect Emissions • How much reduction? Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

8. Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

9. GHG Policy Options for States • Develop climate action plan • Participate in GHG registry • Participate in GHG emissions trading program • Enact renewable portfolio standards • Adopt GHG tailpipe standards for passenger vehicles • Enact GHG emission reduction standards • Enact energy efficiency resource standards • Many others…. Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

10. States with Climate Actions Plans Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

11. States Planning to Regulate Vehicles Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

12. States with GHG Reporting & Registries Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

13. Types of Emissions • Direct GHG Emissions (scope 1): • Production of electricity, heat, or steam; physical or chemical processing; transportation of materials, products, waste, and employees; fugitive emissions • Indirect GHG Emissions (scope 2): • from imports and consumption of Electricity, Heat, or Steam • Other Indirect GHG Emissions (scope 3 or 3rd party):employee business travel; transportation of products, materials, and waste; outsourced activities; production of imported materials; etc. Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

14. Direct & Indirect CO2 Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion by End-Use Sector

15. Direct US GHG Emissions Likely to be Covered by Downstream Cap & Trade

16. Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 • Mandatory Renewable Fuel Standard • 36 Billion gallons of biofuel by 2022 • Funding for research for carbon capture and storage • New CAFE Standards • First statutory increase since 1975 • 35 miles per gallon (mpg) by 2020 • Green Building requirements for federal buildings • New appliance and lighting efficiency standards • Phase out of most incandescent light bulbs by 2012-2014 Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

17. Bills Introduced in the 110th Congress • > 125 introduced related to greenhouse gas emissions • Bills address a variety of subjects: • Cap and trade programs • Resolutions calling for US participation in international negotiations • Funding for technology R&D • Legislation with mutual benefits: • Energy efficiency and security • Agricultural & Resource Management • Lieberman Warner Climate Security Act • Passed EPW Committee 12-5-07 Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

18. Regional Initiatives Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

19. Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) • Multi-state collaborative of Mid-Atlantic states to develop a regional cap-and-trade program for power plants ONLY – may expand later • NY, CT, DE, ME, MA, NH, NJ, RI, VT, MD (w/ PA, and Canadian provinces observing) • States entered into MOU in 2005, drafted model rule in 2006 • Goals: • stabilize emissions at current levels 2009- 2015 • 10% reduction by 2019 Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

20. Western Climate Initiative • Collaboration between Arizona, California, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Montana, and British Columbia • Launched in February 2007 • Kansas and other states are observers • GHG goal is aggregate reduction of 15% below 2005 levels by 2020 • Developing market-based mechanism to help achieve goal by August 2008 • Will use TCR data Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

21. Midwestern Governors Association • Accord sets targets/timelines for renewable energy, low-carbon fuels, and energy efficiency • Carbon Capture and Storage • 2012- 1 IGCC w/CCS, multi-jurisdictional pipeline • 2020- All new coal plants will have CCS capabilities • 2050- All existing coal plants will have CCS Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

22. What is Kansas doing? • Landmark decision denying Sunflower permit • Signed MGA GHG Accord • Observers in the WCI process • Developing a statewide GHG inventory with CCS • Actively monitoring federal legislation and regulation development • Joined the Climate Registry Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

23. The Climate Registry • GOAL: Create a VOLUNTARY program for credible and consistent GHG emissions reporting in North America • 40 states, 3 tribes, and Canadian provinces and Mexican states have joined • Target date of June 2008 to initiate operations Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

24. Midwestern Governors Association • Collaboration of 12 Governors to address public policy issues in Midwest • Nov 2007- Energy Security and Climate Stewardship Platform and Greenhouse Gas Accord • KS, WI, MN, IL, IA, MI, and Manitoba signed Greenhouse Gas Accord • IN, OH, and SD observing Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

25. MGA Greenhouse Gas Accord • Establish GHG reduction targets and timeframes consistent with those of MGA member states and provinces; and • Develop a market-based and multi-sector cap-and-trade mechanism to help achieve GHG reduction targets; and • Join The Climate Registry to enable tracking, management and crediting for entities that reduce GHG emissions; and • Develop and implement other associated mechanisms and policies as needed to achieve the GHG reduction targets, such as a low-carbon fuel standard and regional incentives and funding mechanisms; and… Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

26. MGA Greenhouse Gas Accord (2) • and…that the above described cap-and-trade system be developed to: • Enable linkage to other jurisdictions’ systems to create economies of scale, increase market efficiencies, diversity and liquidity, while reducing costs; and • Maximize economic and employment benefits, while minimizing any transitional job losses; and • Reduce the shifting of generation and emissions to non-participating states; and • Credit past and present actions to reduce GHG emissions; and • Address potential interaction or integration with a future federal program; and Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

27. MGA Greenhouse Gas Accord (3) • Direct our staff and appropriate state agency representatives to develop a work plan and establish a work group to move forward with the Program, within two months of the effective date of this accord; and • Establish targets for GHG emission reductions and timeframes consistent with states’ targets, and adopt policies, implementation mechanisms and any work products deemed necessary, within eight months of the effective date of this accord; and • Complete development of proposed cap-and-trade agreement and a model rule, within 12 months of the effective date of this accord; and • Complete the undertakings set forth herein, within 30 months of the effective date of this accord. Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

28. Center for Climate Strategies • Nonprofit development group with 25 experts located across the US • Partner with states to develop climate action policies and plans • KEC chose not to work with CCS to develop a plan • KDHE will work with CCS to develop inventory only (not a “plan”) Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

29. 2008 Legislative Session (1) • Jan 30 – HB2711/SB515 • Changes to the Air Permitting Process at KDHE • Require issuance of any permit that complies with “on the book” regulations • Prevents the Secretary from adopting regulations more stringent than federal government • Carbon Dioxide Emissions Offsets & net metering • Energy Savings for State-Owned Buildings • Study Commission for electricity generation & transmission • HB2711 and SB515 became substitute bills SB 327 and HB 2066, respectively Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

30. 2008 Legislative Session (2) • Feb 7 - SB327 • Changes to permitting requirements remained the same • Carbon capture & sequestration, renewable portfolio standards, net metering, mercury reductions • Energy efficiency standards and tax incentives • Feb 11 - HB2066 • Originally introduced in Jan 2007 and later amended • Similar changes to permitting requirements • Creation of study commission • Net metering • Allows large electric cooperatives to be exempt from KCC regulation Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

31. 2008 Legislative Session (3) • Feb 5 - SB553 Carbon Dioxide Emission Offset Bill • Carbon dioxide limits for new facilities • Criteria for offsets for facilities emitting above the limit • Feb 14 – HB2894 • Repeals KSA 65-3008 Approvals and Permits • Requires same standards for new permit applications as those applied to Holcomb plant • Feb 15 – SB630 • Energy efficiency and fuel economy standards for state owned buildings and vehicles • Net metering and easy connection • Establishes study commission • Amends the powers of the Secretary related to approving/denying permits Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

32. 2008 Legislative Session (4) • Jan 25 - HB2681 • Repeals act related to studies to promote nuclear development • Jan 17 • HB2639 Establishes Energy Resources Commissions • HB2632 Allows rate adjustments for utilities for investments in energy efficiency, conservation, and demand management programs • HB2633 Act related to county approval of siting wind power generation facilities Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

33. 2008 Legislative Session (5) • Feb 5 -HB2765: Requires all KS retail electric suppliers to provide info to the KCC regarding future electric needs • Feb 7 – SB577: Radon Awareness and Certification • February 27 – HB 2949 (KS Energy Plan Act) • present fuel mix: coal, 73%; nuclear, 21%; natural gas, 4%. • By 2020: coal, 70%; nuclear, 25%; and natural gas, 5%. • By 2025: coal, 65%; nuclear, 30%; and natural gas, 5%. • By 2028: coal, 60%; nuclear, 40%; and natural gas, negligible. Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

34. What’s Our Next Step? • Will Congress act? • Who, When and What will be affected? Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

35. Miles StottsBureau of Air and RadiationKansas Department of Health & EnvironmentCurtis State Office Building1000 SW Jackson, Suite 310Topeka, Kansas 66612www.kdheks.govvoice 785.296.1615fax 785.296.1545mstotts@kdhe.state.ks.us Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

36. One gallon of gas =6.3 pounds of liquid = 20 pounds of CO2 What is a Carbon Footprint? http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ind_calculator.html Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.