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Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry. Carbon Based Life Alkanes. Chemical Composition of Cell. 70% of cytoplasm is water 96% of Cell is CHNOPS Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, potassium, sulfur 5,000 different compounds Only has to absorb a few nutrients to synthesize all of these.

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Organic Chemistry

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  1. Organic Chemistry Carbon Based Life Alkanes

  2. Chemical Composition of Cell • 70% of cytoplasm is water • 96% of Cell is CHNOPS • Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, potassium, • sulfur • 5,000 different compounds • Only has to absorb a few nutrients to • synthesize all of these. • Can make most everything they need

  3. Organic Compounds • Contain carbon • Have covalent bonds • Have low melting points • Have low boiling points • Burn in air (oxygen) • Are soluble in nonpolar solvents • Form large molecules

  4. HYDROCARBONS • Contain only carbon and hydrogen • • May contain single, double or triple bonds • between carbon atoms • • C C C=C or C C • • Primary compounds present in petroleum

  5. Alkanes • Contain C and H only • Contain single bonds C-C • Have 4 bonds to every carbon (C) atom • Are nonpolar

  6. Complete Structural Formulas • Show the bonds between each of the atoms • CH4 , methane

  7. More Alkanes • Condensed Structural Formulas • Ethane • CH3 CH3 • Propane • CH3 CH2 CH3

  8. IUPAC Names

  9. Learning Check Alk1 • A. What is the condensed formula for • B. What is its molecular formula? • C. What is its name?

  10. Solution Alk1 • A. CH3CH2CH2CH3 • B. C4H10 • C. butane

  11. Reactions of Alkanes • Combustion • alkane + O2  CO2 + H2O + heat • Products are always CO2 and H2O

  12. Learning Check Alk3 • Complete and balance the reaction for the complete combustion of C7H16 • Step 1 C7H16 + O2  CO2 + H2O • Step 2 C7H16 + O2  7 CO2 + 8 H2O • Step 3 C7H16 + 11 O2  7 CO2 + 8 H2O

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