Semester Review Practice 

1. Semester Review Practice  By PresenterMedia.com

2. #1 FOOD MOLECULES • CARBOHYDRATES • PROTEINS • FATS

3. #2 What must be provided (2 things) by a molecule to be considered food? • Energy and Building Blocks

4. #3 In what macromolecule do animals stockpile long strings of glucose for energy? • GLYCOGEN

5. #4 What are the two major subdivisions of carbohydrates and how are they different? • SIMPLE AND COMPLEX • SIMPLE – ONE TO TWO SUGARS CONNECTED. • COMPLEX – MULTIPLE SUGARS ATTACHED IN CHAIN.

6. #5 Where is the energy stored in the molecules that we eat? • CHEMICAL BONDS

7. #6 What process provides energy in animal cells? • Cellular Respiration

8. #7 What is the equation for cellular respiration? • _________ + _________ __________ + __________ C6H12O6 6 O2 6 CO2 6 H2O

9. #8 • Circle increase, decrease, or stays the same for each molecule when we burn a marshmallow in a container. • a. CO2 Increase Decrease Stays the same • b. O2 Increase Decrease Stays the same • c. C6H12O6 Increase Decrease Stays the same • d. H2O Increase Decrease Stays the same

10. #9 What is the purpose of cellular respiration and where does it occur in the cell? • PROVIDE ENERGY BY TRANSFORMING CHEMICAL ENERGY IN FOOD INTO USEABLE ENERGY (ATP). • TAKES PLACE IN MITOCHONDRIA

11. #10 Trace a carbon atom (matter) from a bite of potato, to being used in an animal cell, to finally being released into the environment • STARCH (in bite)  GLUCOSE (stomach)  GLUCOSE (cell)  CARBON DIOXIDE (cell)  CARBON DIOXIDE (environment)

12. #11 Trace the energy changes from a bite of potato to being used by an animal muscle cell to power a muscle contraction. • CHEMICAL (starch)  CHEMICAL (glucose)  KINETIC / THERMAL (cell)  THERMAL (environment)

13. #12 Explain the importance of the Van Helmont experiment. • Evidence that increase in plant mass does not come solely from water.

14. #13 What did we determine is essential for plants? What evidence backs up your claim? • Water – plant will not growth without water • CO2 – CO2 provides carbon source. Limit CO2 = limit growth

15. #14 What is the purpose of soil/what does it provide for plants? • Plants absorb micronutrients, non-organics from the soil. • Provides anchoring for plants.

16. #15 What is the purpose of photosynthesis and where does it happen in the cell? • Make sugar for plants = food for plant. • Takes place in chloroplasts.

17. #16 What would you predict about the number of mitochondria and chloroplasts in a leaf cell versus a root cell? Why? • Chloroplasts in leaves, not in roots. No light to roots. • Mitochondria in both places. Cellular respiration must happen in all cells.

18. #17 Explain how light energy from the sun is changed into a form of energy that can be used by cells to do work. • Sun  glucose = chemical  kinetic / thermal Photosynthesis cellular respiration

19. #18 What is the equation for photosynthesis? C6H12O6 6 H2O 6 O2 6 CO2 • __________ + __________ __________ + _________

20. #19 What is the energy stored in glucose used for? • Cellular activities

21. Three containers are shown below. Container A has an elodea plant and a snail, container B has only an elodea plant, and container C has only a snail. If all three containers were put in the light, which would have the most carbon dioxide, and which would have the least? Explain your answer. A B C #20 Three containers are shown below. Container A has an elodea plant and a snail, container B has only an elodea plant, and container C has only a snail. Which would have the most CO2 & which the least? • If all three containers were put in the light, which would have the most carbon dioxide, and which would have the least? Explain your answer. C – has the most because snail only does cellular respiration = CO2 B – has the least because plant will remove CO2 during photosynthesis

22. #21 Label each “result” vial to show how it looks 24 hours later and then explain why it turns out that way. (In the light) • Changes to blue as plant uses CO2 in photosynthesis as carbon source to make glucose. Control stays the same because there is nothing present to change the color. Result Control group Experimental group

23. #22 Label each “result” vial to show how it looks 24 hours later and then explain why it turns out that way. (In the dark) • Plants are always conducting cellular respiration and when there is no light they will not perform photosynthesis. CO2 is a waste product of cellular respiration. Control stays the same because there isn’t anything present to change the color. Experimental Group Control Group

24. Experimental Group Simon and Art measure the amount of carbon dioxide and oxygen in their set up before and after the 24 hours. (in the dark) Control Group • Oxygen would go down, plants are doing cellular respiration at all times. • #23 What would you predict about the amount of oxygen in each container if the plants were placed in the DARK?

25. #24 What would you predict about the amount of oxygen in each container if the plants were placed in the LIGHT? • Oxygen will go up, as a waste product of photosynthesis

26. #25 Circle the organisms that do photosynthesis: • Humans Fish TreeYeastElodea

27. #26 Circle the organisms that do cellular respiration: • Humans Fish Tree Yeast Elodea

28. #27 Complete the following chart: Photosynthesis Eating (consumption) Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis • Cellular Respiration Chloroplasts and Mitochondria Mitochondria

29. #28 A 5kg tree was planted in a bucket of soil weighing 100kg. Predict the weight of the soil in 5 years &explain WHY. • A bit less than 5kg, due to plant taking micronutrients from soil. Not organics.

30. #29 At the end of 5 years, the tree weighs 200 kg—what is responsible for a majority of the increase in mass? • CO2 baby!

31. #30 Explain why decomposers are a necessary part of an ecosystem. • Recycle matter that is trapped in dead material. Carbon into atmosphere as CO2 from cellular respiration. Nitrogen and others to soil.

32. #31 Occasionally, Mrs. Bohlingerputs a few left over apple slices in her worm bin (compost). Explain where the energy in the apple slices originally came from, and what happens to that energy once the apple slices have been in the worm bin for a couple of weeks. • Sun  Chemical (glucose)  Kinetic / Thermal (cell)  Thermal (environment)

33. #32 Trace a carbon atom in the apple slice in the compost bin—to being part of the environment (air) • Glucose (apple)  Glucose (cell)  CO2 (cell)  CO2 (environment)

34. #33 Over 5 years, 100 kg of compost has been put in the worm bin—but today, the worm bin only weighs 50 kg. Where is the missing mass? How did this happen? • CO2 baby! Cellular Respiration

35. #34 • Explain the difference between matter and energy. • Which one is added to an ecosystem? • Which one is recycled / reused in an ecosystem? •  Matter is the stuff that stuff is made of. • Energy is the ability to towerk.  •  Energy • Matter

36. Osmosis practice problems • #1 If you soak your hands in dishwater, you may notice that your skin absorbs water and swells into distinct wrinkles. This is because your skin cells are _____to the___dishwater. • a. hypotonic, hypertonic • b. hypertonic, hypotonic • c. hypotonic, hypotonic • d. isotonic, hypotonic • e. hypertonic, isotonic

37. #2 You decide to buy a new fish for your freshwater aquarium. When you introduce the fish into its new tank, the fish swells up and dies. You later learn that it was a fish from the ocean. Based on what you know of tonicity, the most likely explanation is that unfortunate fish went from a(n) ____solution into a(n) ____ solution. • a. isotonic, hypotonic • b. hypertonic, isotonic • c. hypotonic, hypertonic • d. hypotonic, isotonic

38. #3 Under each picture state if the RBC was placed in an isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic solution. Then explain how you know. _______ _______ _______ Hypertonic Hypotonic Isotonic

39. #4 In osmosis, water always moves toward the _ solution: that is, toward the solution with thesolute concentration. • a. isotonic, greater • b. hypertonic, greater • c. hypertonic, lesser • d. hypotonic, greater • e. hypotonic, lesser

40. #5 You know that this cell is in a(n) solution because it . • a. hypertonic solution, lost water • b. hypertonic, gained water

41. #6 The concentration of solutes in a red blood cell is about 2%. Sucrose cannot pass through the membrane, but water and urea can. Osmosis would cause red blood cells to shrink the most when immersed in which of the following solutions? • a. a hypertonic sucrose solution • b. a hypotonic sucrose solution • c. a hypertonic urea solution • d. a hypotonic urea solution • e. pure water

42. #7 Sea water is dangerous to drink because… • a. one cup of sea water contains enough sodium to poison you • b. sea water is hypertonic to your body tissues and drinking it will cause you to lose water by osmosis • c. sea water is isotonic to your body fluids and you will absorb too much water, causing your cells to burst

43. #8 If the volume of a cell increases when it is placed in a solution, that solution is said to beto the cell. • a. hypertonic • b. isotonic • c. hypotonic

44. #9 Label the pictures below as to whether the solution is hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic to the cell. Then draw an arrow to show the direction of net water movement.