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Chapter 2 On the Motherboard

The Complete A+ Guide to PC Repair 5/e. Chapter 2 On the Motherboard. Chapter Objectives. Define the purpose of the major components on a motherboard including the BIOS, clock, front side bus, and expansion slots. Recognize and identify the motherboard, CPU and expansion slots.

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Chapter 2 On the Motherboard

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  1. The Complete A+ Guideto PC Repair 5/e Chapter 2On the Motherboard

  2. Chapter Objectives • Define the purpose of the major components on a motherboard including the BIOS, clock, front side bus, and expansion slots. • Recognize and identify the motherboard, CPU and expansion slots. • Explain the basic operation of a processor and issues to consider when upgrading it. • Identify methods to add functionality to portable devices. • Compare and contrast motherboard expansion slots. • Learn the benefits of active listening. • Explain different motherboard technologies such as HyperTransport, HyperThreading and multi-core.

  3. Processor Overview 1 Microprocessor (or processor) 2 CPU (Central Processing Unit) Clones – IBM compatibles 3 PC (Personal Computer) Another name for the microcomputer 4

  4. Byte Table

  5. Binary Prefixes

  6. Processor Basics Gigahertz (GHz) Hertz is a measurement of cycles per second (or frequency). One hertz equals one cycle per second. One gigahertz (1GHz) is one billion cycles per second. Register Size The number of bits processed at one time by the processor. Counted in multiples of 8 bits, such as 8-, 16-, and 32-bit register size. Sometimes referred to as word size by the computer industry. Processors today have 64-bit or 128-bit register sizes. Bus Electronic lines to move the 1s and 0s inside the computer.

  7. Processor Basics Internal Data Bus External Data Bus

  8. Processor Basics Internal and External Data Buses.

  9. Intel Processors

  10. AMD Processors

  11. Cache L1 (Level one) cache Cache - A fast type of memory designed to increase the speed of microprocessor operations. Cache memory that is located inside the processor. Cache memory located in the CPU housing or on the motherboard. Cache memory that is inside the processor packaging but not part of the CPU, also known as on-die cache. L3 cache L2 cache

  12. Cache

  13. Clocking

  14. Clocking

  15. Multi-core Processors Another way to speed up operations is to have two or more processors. Dual-core CPU Combines two CPUs on a single unit. Tri-core CPU Combines three processors in a single unit. Two dual-core CPUs installed on the same motherboard or two dual-core CPUs installed in a single socket. Quad-core CPU

  16. Multi-core Processors

  17. Sockets and Slots • has staggered holes so • more pins can be inserted • used by AMD

  18. Sockets and Slots

  19. Processor Cooling

  20. Heat Sinks

  21. Processor Cooling Correct Air Flow

  22. Processor Cooling Incorrect Air Flow

  23. Installing Processors Computer is off and unplugged. Use antistatic wrist strap and attach to a ground on computer. Remove old processor by lifting ZIF socket retaining lever. Insert CPU into socket (fits only one way). Configure motherboard by jumpers or BIOS software configuration (refer to manual for exact steps). Always hold the CPU by the edges to avoid bending or touching the pins underneath.

  24. Installing Processors This figure shows an AMD CPU being installed. Notice how the ZIF socket lever is raised.

  25. Overclocking Processors Overclocking Is changing the front side bus speed and/or multiplier to boost CPU and system speed. This can cause damage to the CPU, motherboard, or other components. In order to overclock, you must have the motherboard documentation to determine whether the system board supports different CPU speeds and different multipliers.

  26. MMX, SSE and 3DNow!

  27. Expansion Slots

  28. ISA (Industry Standard Architecture • ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) – The oldest expansion slot, is configured in 8-Bit and 16-Bit slots.

  29. PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect • PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)– The previously popular expansion slot. PCI comes in four varieties: 32-bit 33MHz, 32-bit 66MHz and 64-bit 33MHz. • Another standard is the • PCI-X which can operate at 66MHz, 133MHz, 266MHz, 533MHz and 1066MHz.

  30. AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) AGP – Bus interface for graphics adapters developed from the PCI bus.

  31. AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) • Speeds up 3-D graphics, 3-D acceleration and full-motion playback. • The video subsystem is isolated from the rest of the computer. • Allows the video adapter to directly access RAM on the motherboard when needed.

  32. PCIe Overview 1 Newer technology 2 Full duplex 3 Serial interface Assigns “lanes” for use by an adapter 4

  33. PCIe • Different Slot sizes that represent the maximum number of lanes assigned to the slot. • x1 • x4 • x8 • x16 • A PCIe adapter requires a minimum number of lanes • An x4 PCIe adapter works in a PCIe x4, x8 or x16 expansion slot.

  34. PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect-Express PCIe is replacing PCI, PCI-X, and AGP expansion slots.

  35. PCIe

  36. Laptop Expansion 32-bit, 33MHz standard was developed to allow PCI upgrades and interface cards to be added to laptops, docking stations and printers. Mini PCI Manufacturers are now starting to use 52-pin mini PCIe cards. Mini PCIe High-performance, hardware expansion standard for mobile computers. ExpressCard

  37. More Motherboard Connectors 02 03 01 CNR ACR AMR Allows integration of network card functions with sound and modem. Connector on the motherboard for combination audio and modem adapters without taking up a PCI slot. Not only supports audio, modem and networking, but also supports DSL modems.

  38. Chipsets Chipsets are the principle chips on the motherboard that work in conjunction with the processor and allow specific features. Chipsets control… the maximum amount of motherboard memory • the type of RAM chips • the motherboard’s capacity for multiple processors the maximum number of USB ports

  39. Chipsets

  40. Types of Motherboards

  41. Upgrading and Replacing Motherboards • There are several issues to be taken into account when upgrading a motherboard • Memory • Adapter types • Type of case • Processor • Chipsets • Hard drive • Power supply • Future upgrade-ability

  42. Motherboard Troubleshooting

  43. Soft Skills—Active Listening • Active listening is participating in a conversation where you focus on what the customer is saying—in other words, listening more than talking. For a technician, active listening has the following benefits: • Allows you to gather data and symptoms quickly • Allows you to build customer rapport • Improves your understanding of the problem • Allows you to solve the problem quicker because you understand the problem better • Provides mutual understanding between you and your customer • Provides a means of having a positive, engaged conversation rather than having a negative, • confrontational encounter • Focuses on the customer rather than the technician • Provides an environment where the customer might be more forthcoming with information • related to the problem

  44. Questions???

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