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Understanding Thermoset Plastic Materials

Understanding Thermoset Plastic Materials. Prepared by the IAPD Education Committee (Module 6) Presented courtesy of Modern Plastics Inc. Thermosets. Resin Thermoset vs. thermoplastic. Thermosets Types. Laminates Composites Polyurethanes. Thermoset Laminates. Phenolics Epoxies

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Understanding Thermoset Plastic Materials

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  1. Understanding Thermoset Plastic Materials Prepared by the IAPD Education Committee (Module 6) Presented courtesy of Modern Plastics Inc. The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  2. Thermosets • Resin • Thermoset vs. thermoplastic The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  3. ThermosetsTypes • Laminates • Composites • Polyurethanes The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  4. Thermoset Laminates • Phenolics • Epoxies • Melamines • Silicones • Polyesters • Composites The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  5. Laminates Key Characteristics • Corrosion resistant • Good insulating characteristics at low temperatures • Good machinability The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  6. LaminatesProcess Resin Binder Reinforcing Substrate Heat and pressure applied to the top and bottom of the material. The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  7. Laminates Types • Paper based • Cotton based • Glass based • Synthetic fabric based The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  8. Phenolic Laminates Strengths • High degree of resistance to deforming under load • Can withstand 149°C/300°F continuously • One of the hardest plastics available • Cross-linked phenolics are very resistant to compressive loads The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  9. Phenolic Laminates Limitations • Brittleness • Impact resistance • Moisture resistance is limited • Resins darken when exposed to heat and ultra violet light The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  10. Paper based Grades X, XX, XXX, XP, XXP, XXXP, XPC, XXPC and XXXPC Cotton based Grades C, CE, CYB, L, LE, LYB, LM Phenolic Laminates Types The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  11. Wiring devices Switch gear Circuit breakers Insulators Gears Wear guides Pulleys Rollers Phenolic Laminates Applications The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  12. Epoxy Laminates Strengths • Offer virtually no water absorption • Good insulating and electrical properties • Excellent dimensional stability • Good temperature and chemical resistance The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  13. Epoxy Laminates Limitations • Brittle • Poor UV resistance • Poor weathering resistance The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  14. Epoxy Laminates Types • G-10 • FR-4 • G-11 • FR-5 The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  15. Epoxy Laminates Applications • Electrical insulators • Circuit board backing • Construction • Aviation/aerospace The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  16. Melamine LaminatesStrengths • Made from melamine and formaldehyde resins • Usually used as a laminate with cloth • Easily produced in an unlimited range of colors • Good electrical properties under humid conditions • Excellent arc-tracking resistance • Excellent compressive strength • Good physical properties • Very good solvent resistance • Can withstand temperatures of 204°C/400°F • Good chemical and weather resistance • Strong mechanical properties The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  17. Melamine LaminatesLimitations • Can be attacked by strong acids • Brittleness • Poor resistance to organic solvents • Difficult to bond • High cost The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  18. Melamine LaminatesTypes • G-5 • G-9 The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  19. Melamine LaminatesApplications • Welding rod holders • Heavy duty switch gears • High temperature switches • Electrical insulators The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  20. Silicone LaminatesStrengths • Retain properties over a wide temperature range • Remain flexible down to negative 16ºC/60ºF • High degree of biocompatibility The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  21. Silicone LaminatesLimitations • Tensile strength low • Abrasion resistance low • Swell in oils, fuels and other solvents The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  22. Silicone LaminatesType • G-7 (glass cloth reinforced silicone) The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  23. Silicone LaminatesApplications • Sealants • Gaskets • Medical The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  24. Polyester LaminatesStrengths • Low cost • Good arc and track resistance The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  25. Polyester LaminatesLimitations • Lower abrasion resistance • Brittle • Great change to electrical properties in humid environments The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  26. Polyester LaminatesTypes • GPO-1 • GPO-2 • GPO-3 The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  27. Polyester LaminatesApplications • Structural profiles • Sodering pallets The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  28. Composites - Thermosetting Matrix • History • Definition The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  29. CompositesMaterials • Polyester and vinyl esters • Epoxy • Bismaleimides (BMI) • Polyimides • Polyureas • Cyanate ester and phenolic triazine (PT) The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  30. Polyurethane (PUR)Strengths • Good abrasion resistance • Good toughness • Very high tear resistance • High load bearing ability • High impact resistance • Good elastomeric memory The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  31. PolyurethaneLimitations • Hot water limitation 82°C/180°F • Poor chemical resistance to strong acids, bases and certain solvents The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  32. Polyurethane and the Environment • TDI • MDI • Processes The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  33. PolyurethaneHardness Chart The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  34. Automotive Building and construction Furniture and mattresses Insulation for refrigerators, shipping containers, tanks, pipes PolyurethaneApplications The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  35. Polyether Polyester Polyurethane Urethane Types The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  36. Better water resistance Better dynamic properties Better low temperature properties Polyether Urethane Strengths The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  37. Polyether Urethane Limitations • Lower abrasion resistance than polyesters • Stiffer material than polyesters • More likely to tear The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  38. Polyether Urethane Applications • Bushings • Idler rollers • Printing machine rolls • Hydraulic seals • Elevator wheels • Paper mill rolls The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  39. Higher physical properties Generally softer than polyether Stronger cut and tear resistance Better oil and heat aging resistance Meets FDA requirements for wet food applications Polyester UrethaneStrengths The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  40. Polyester Urethane Limitations • Poor resistance to hydrolysis (moisture absorption) • Less resilient than polyethers • Poor low temperature performance The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  41. Polyester Urethane Applications • Cutter bars on printing machines • Wear pads • Tumbler liners • Squeegees • Office equipment rollers The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  42. Polyurethane's Product Range Comparisons to Other Materials The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

  43. The End The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 6

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