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BIOLOGY AS YOU ENTER

Learn about the differences and similarities between DNA and RNA, how proteins are synthesized, and the essential role of nucleic acids in genetic material. Dive deep into the processes of transcription and translation.

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BIOLOGY AS YOU ENTER

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  1. BIOLOGY AS YOU ENTER • Turn in late study guide or book questions from the previous unit • TODAY: • LECTURE: DNA VS RNA • TEST REVISIT • CONTINUE WORK CALENDAR: MONDAY 10/30: QUIZ WEDNESDAY 11/1: TEST

  2. I. HOW IS DNA USED TO MAKE PROTEINS? • DNA codes for proteins • Proteins determine your physical traits (Enzymes, Keratin, Melanin, Hemoglobin, muscles) * Proteins are made of amino acids. The order of amino acids determines a protein’s shape and function C. DNA code determines which amino acids make up a protein D.DNA is too big to leave the nucleus so it is converted into a mRNA in the nucleus E. The protein is then built on a ribosome using the mRNA code

  3. DNA, RNA, & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

  4. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/molecules/rnamolecule/http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/molecules/rnamolecule/

  5. II. COMPARING DNA AND RNA A. SIMILARITIES IN DNA & RNABoth have N basesA, G, C and a PHOSPHATESB. DIFFERENCES between DNA and RNA DNA Sugar = Deoxyribose Base = Thymine Strands = 2 RNA Sugar = Ribose Base = Uracil Strands = 1

  6. C. 3 types of RNA • i) mRNA – Copies DNA code and travels to ribosome • ii) rRNA - Composes ribosome • iii)tRNA – Carries amino acid to ribosome

  7. DNA vs RNA • http://cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=0Elo-zX1k8M

  8. CHECKPOINT 1)Test Revisit: Open notes/book/SG; No cell phones or talking 2) Pick up and begin study guide *Vocab #s 1-6 *Questions #s 1-5 3) Continue Book Questions Pgs 386-388 #s 1-2,6, 8-11,13,18-20, 22-23, 25, 31, 35 Pg 389 #s 1-4 WRITE LETTER AND ANSWER ON ALL MULTIPLE CHOICE CALENDAR: MONDAY 10/30: QUIZ WEDNESDAY 11/1: TEST

  9. BIOLOGY TODAY: • Lecture: Transcription and Translation • Test Revisit

  10. Please turn off cell phones and place in your bag • They should not be on your desk

  11. DNA, RNA, & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

  12. C. 3 types of RNA • i) mRNA – Copies DNA code and travels to ribosome • ii) rRNA - Composes ribosome • iii)tRNA – Carries amino acid to ribosome

  13. III. Protein Synthesis – DNA codes for mRNA which codes for a protein • TRANSCRIPTION– DNA is copied to mRNA • Occurs in the nucleus during the G1 phase of the Cell Cycle DNA- TAC GGC TAA ACT mRNA – AUG CCG AUU UGA 2. The mRNA molecule will exit the nucleus a ribosome in the cytoplasm

  14. TRANSCRIPTION

  15. B. TRANSLATION: mRNA codes for a protein • 1. Occurs in the cytoplasm on a ribosomeduring Interphase (G1) • 2. Codon= 3 mRNA bases  Codes for 1 amino acid (20 total) • a. Amino Acids are carried to the ribosome by tRNA • b. Link together to form proteins • c. The order of amino acids determines a protein’s shape and function

  16. The codonCAG codes for the • amino acid Gln

  17. Identify the amino acids coded for by the following codons. UCC GAC UAA

  18. DNA: TAC GGC ACT mRNA: Protein:

  19. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gG7uCskUOrA

  20. Checkpoint • Test Revisit *Open notes/study guide *No talking or cell phones 2)Complete Study Guide *Vocab #s 1-10 *Questions #s 1-11, 15-16 3) Continue Book Questions Pgs 386-388 #s 1-2,6, 8-11,13,18-20, 22-23, 25, 31, 35 Pg 389 #s 1-4 WRITE LETTER AND ANSWER ON ALL MULTIPLE CHOICE

  21. 15) Label the picture A = Nucleus B =mRNA C = Ribosome D = tRNA E = Amino acid F = Codon

  22. Take out your notes and test review • Look at Question 12

  23. BIOLOGY – AS YOU ENTER • TAKE OUT YOUR NOTES CALENDAR: MONDAY 10/30: QUIZ WEDNESDAY 11/1: TEST

  24. DNA - T A C A C A A T A T A G C T T T T G A C G mRNA - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Amino - Acids ADD TO JOURNAL

  25. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS – Ameoba Sisters • http://cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=h5mJbP23Buo

  26. DNA, RNA, & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

  27. DNA, RNA, & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

  28. Label the parts of this PROTEIN SYNTHESIS diagram?

  29. Group activity • Every group member must write answers on their own paper. • Staple papers and return all materials at the end of the lab 2) Continue Study Guide and book questions

  30. 5th period lab group – LEAVE CELL PHONES IN YOUR BAG Every group member must write answers

  31. Group activity • Every group member must write answers on their own paper. • Staple papers and return all materials at the end of the lab 2) Continue Study Guide and book questions

  32. 6th period lab group –LEAVE CELL PHONES IN YOUR BAG Every group member must write answers

  33. Group activity • Every group member must write answers on their own paper. • Staple papers and return all materials at the end of the lab 2) Continue Study Guide and book questions

  34. LEAVE CELL PHONES IN YOUR BAG Every group member must write answers

  35. Group activity • Every group member must write answers on their own paper. • Staple papers and return all materials at the end of the lab 2) Continue Study Guide and book questions

  36. 1) Group activity • Work in groups of 2 – Have me check off each section as you progress as instructed • Every group member must write answers on their own paper. • Staple papers and return all materials at the end of the lab 2) Continue Study Guide and book questions

  37. BIOLOGY – AS YOU ENTER TODAY • REVIEW • Lecture: MUTATIONS • Group practice • CALENDAR: • MON: QUIZ

  38. 1) List 3 differences between DNA and RNA • Sugar: RNA = ribose; • DNA = deoxyribose • Base: RNA – Uracil; • DNA – Thymine • Strands:RNA – 1 strand • DNA – 2 strands • 2) List 4 similarities between DNA and RNA. • They both have the bases Adenine, Guanine, and Cytosine and both have a phosphate.

  39. 3) The production of mRNA from DNA is called: Transcription 4) Transcription occurs where in the cell during what stage of the cell cycle? Nucleus; G1 5) What mRNA molecule would be transcribed from the following DNA template? DNA: A G C T T A mRNA: U C G A A U

  40. 6) The creation of a protein from an mRNA template is called: • Translation • 7) Translation occurs on a: • Ribosome • 8) Protein Synthesis involves what 2 steps • Transcription and Translation

  41. 9) Genes determine how amino acids link together to form ____, which determines an organism’s physical traits Proteins 10) A group of 3 mRNA bases that codes for 1 amino acid is called a: Codon 11) What protein is coded for by the following DNA template: TAC TAA ATC • mRNA: AUG AUU UAG • Protein: Met – Ile - Stop

  42. 15) Label the picture A = Nucleus B =mRNA C = Ribosome D = tRNA F = Codon

  43. What if there is a mistake or mutation in the DNA code? Unfortunately not this…

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