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Understanding Sentences: Rules and Examples

Learn the 5 rules of a sentence, including subject and verb, and the difference between sentences and fragments. Explore phrases, clauses, types of sentences, and how to fix run-on sentences.

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Understanding Sentences: Rules and Examples

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  1. Sentences 5th Grade Grammar Unit 1

  2. 5 Rules of a sentence • Subject • Verb • Makes sense • Capital letter • End mark

  3. Fragment • An incomplete sentence • missing its subject • missing its predicate • phrase • dependent clause • My mom • Ran to the store • Before work • Before she went to work

  4. Sentence or Fragment? • The children from the neighborhood. • When it was time to eat. • My best friend spent the night. • The book I borrowed from the library. • Sam and David are going skiing tomorrow. • Toad jumped. • Rebecca ran.

  5. Subject • The noun or pronoun that the sentence is about. • Read the sentence and ask, “Who or what is this sentence about?” • My favorite teacher works hard on her lesson plans.

  6. Predicate • Always contains the verb • Can be action (doing) or linking (being) • Tells what the subject does or is • Find the subject first • Then ask, “What is being said about the subject?” • My dog jumped over the fence.

  7. Find the subject & predicate • We learned about the three branches of government. • The legislative branch makes the laws. • The executive branch carries out the laws. • The judicial branch interprets the laws. • The Constitution created them.

  8. Phrases • Phrases: a group of words without a subject and predicate • in the pool • before work • with red, curly hair • later today

  9. Clauses • Have subjects and predicates • Independent Clauses: can stand alone as a sentence; is a complete thought • Dependent Clauses: cannot stand alone; begins with an introductory that connects it to the rest of the sentence

  10. Independent or Dependent • I heard about that • Until I heard about that • My dad did the laundry • Before my dad did the laundry • You told me • Before you told me

  11. Types of Sentences • Simple= 1 independent clause • Compound= At least 2 independent clauses joined by a comma and conjunction • Complex= At least 1 independent clause and 1 dependent clause

  12. Simple Sentences • I love my brother. • My aunt lives in Seattle. • The neighbors are on vacation. • The girls and boys are tired. • The children run and play.

  13. Compound SentencesAt least 2 independent clauses joined with a comma & a coordinating conjunction: FANBOYS (For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So) • I love my brother, but he aggravates me a lot. • My sister has an instagram, and she posts lots of pictures. • The baby needs a nap, or he will be ill.

  14. Complex SentencesAt least 1 independent & 1 dependent clause (with subordinating conjunction or introductory) • I like pancakes if they have chocolate chips. • Before you told me, I had no idea. • My mom will kill me once she sees my grade. • We will go to the movies after I finish my chores.

  15. After Although As As if As long as Because Before Even if Even though If Once Provided Since So that That Though Till Unless Until What When Whenever Wherever Whether While (some)Subordinating Conjunctions

  16. A subordinating conjunction can appear at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence. EXAMPLES: • After the movie started, more people came in. (Notice the comma separating the clauses) • More people came in after the movie started. • A subordinating conjunction causes the clause that it appears in to become dependent. In other words, it will be a sentence fragment unless it is joined to an independent clause.

  17. Make them complex: 1. I will help the man. He deserves it.2. Mary came up. We were talking about her.3. I admire Mr. Brown. He is my enemy.4. I came. You sent for me.5. Evelyn will come to school. She is able.6. He knows he is wrong. He will not admit it.7. The man is rich. He is unhappy.8. The Mexican War came on. Polk was President.9. I shall come tomorrow. You send for me.10. You wish to be believed. You must tell the truth.11. The dog bites. He ought to be muzzled.12. It would be foolish to set out. It is raining.13. Call me at my office. You happen to be in town.14. The cat ran up a tree. She was chased by a dog.15. The sun shines brightly. It is very cold.16. Boston became a large city. It has a good harbor.

  18. Run-on Sentences • Two or more sentences joined incorrectly • Can be corrected by: • Making separate sentences • Making a compound sentence

  19. My science class went on a nature hike my teacher lead the way. • My science class went on a nature walk. My teacher lead the way. • My science class went on a nature hike, and my teacher lead the way.

  20. Try it! • Ciara found one wild flower Marcus found three. • Butterflies pollinate some plants this helps the plant to reproduce. • Krista sneezed loudly the butterfly flew away.

  21. Important Words:

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