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The Effects of Temperature on Magnetic Strength

The Effects of Temperature on Magnetic Strength. Joseph Gault Grade 9 February 2, 2008 Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School. Types of Magnets. Ceramic – composed of powdered iron oxide and strontium carbonate

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The Effects of Temperature on Magnetic Strength

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  1. The Effects of Temperature on Magnetic Strength Joseph Gault Grade 9 February 2, 2008 Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School

  2. Types of Magnets • Ceramic – composed of powdered iron oxide and strontium carbonate ceramic; it is the most common magnet because it is cheap and easy to produce • Ticonal - alloy of titanium, cobalt, nickel, and aluminum; developed by Philips for loudspeakers • Injection molded - composite of various types of resin and magnetic powders, allowing parts of complex shapes to be manufactured by injection molding; generally lower in magnetic strength and they resemble plastics

  3. Types of Magnets (cont.) • Electromagnet - a wire that has been coiled into one or more loops • electric current flows through the wire, causing a magnetic field to be generated • commonly used in electric motors, junkyard cranes, and medical equipment, such as an MRI machine

  4. Uses of Magnets in Technology Common uses for magnets: • Televisions • Telephones • Headphones • Computers • Compasses • Medical equipment

  5. Null and Alternative Hypothesis Null: • The various temperature zones will not affect the magnets’ strengths. • Neither the temperatures below nor above 20°C will make the magnets stronger or weaker. Alternative: • The various temperature zones will affect the magnets’ strengths. • Temperatures below 20°C will make the magnet stronger by causing the particles to move very close together. • Temperatures above 20°C will make the magnet weaker by causing the particles to expand.

  6. Purpose • The purpose of this experiment was to determine: • If the strength of a magnet would be altered when placed in temperature zones less than room temperature, and warmer than room temperature. • If the strength of the magnet would remain changed when the magnet returned to room temperature.

  7. Materials • -80°C Freezer • -20°C Freezer • -4°C Refrigerator • Room at Room Temperature • 45°C Incubator • 60° Drying Oven • 30 Ceramic Magnets • Extech True RMS Digital Multimeter • Gauss Attachment • Tongs • Gloves • HP 39GS Graphing Calculator

  8. Procedure • 35 magnets were labeled (1-5) for 7 different temperature zones. • The magnetic strength of each magnet was measured with a voltage meter, and converted to Gauss using the following equation: B = 1000*(V0-V1)/k. • The 5 magnets of each group were placed into the following environments: • -80°C Freezer • -20°C Freezer • -4°C Refrigerator • Room Temperature • Incubator – 45° C • Drying Oven – 100° C

  9. Procedure (Cont.) • The temperature of each magnet was measured immediately after the magnets were removed from the environments. • The magnetic strength of each magnet was measured immediately after removal from the temperature zone. • Data was recorded. • The magnets were allowed to return to 20°C. • The magnetic strength of each magnet was measured. • Data was recorded.

  10. Experiment Room Temperature -4°C Recording the Magnet’s Strength Drying Oven Incubator

  11. Magnetic StrengthGroup 1 – South PoleTemperature -80°C

  12. Magnetic StrengthGroup 2 – South PoleTemperature -20° C

  13. Magnetic StrengthGroup 3 – South PoleTemperature -4°C

  14. Magnetic StrengthGroup 4 – South PoleTemperature 20° C

  15. Magnetic StrengthGroup 5 – South PoleTemperature 45° C

  16. Magnetic StrengthGroup 6 – South PoleTemperature 100° C

  17. Magnetic StrengthGroup 1 – North PoleTemperature -80°C

  18. Magnetic StrengthGroup 2 – North PoleTemperature -20°C

  19. Magnetic StrengthGroup 3 – North PoleTemperature -4°C

  20. Magnetic StrengthGroup 4 – North PoleTemperature 20°C

  21. Magnetic StrengthGroup 5 – North PoleTemperature 45°C

  22. Magnetic StrengthGroup 6 – North PoleTemperature 100°C

  23. Percentage Change of Magnetic Strength - Group 1 Temperature -80°C Percent (%)

  24. Percentage Change of Magnetic Strength - Group 2Temperature -20°C Percent (%)

  25. Percentage Change of Magnetic Strength - Group 3Temperature -4°C Percent (%)

  26. Percentage Change of Magnetic Strength - Group 4 Temperature 20°C Percent (%)

  27. Percentage Change of Magnetic Strength - Group 5 Temperature 45°C Percent (%)

  28. Percentage Change of Magnetic Strength - Group 6Temperature 100°C Percent (%)

  29. Results and Conclusions • The north and south poles of the magnets were not affected by the variation in temperature. • The north and south poles of the magnets were not affected when the magnets returned to room temperature. • My hypothesis, stating that magnets would be affected by temperatures ranging from -80°C to 100°C, was incorrect. • Magnets are not affected by temperatures ranging from -80°C to 100°C.

  30. Limitations and Extensions • Two of the magnets stuck together. This prevented me from recording their strengths when they were taken out of the temperature zone. • In the future, I would apply colder and warmer temperatures to the magnets, and try different methods of heating and cooling the magnets, such as using dry ice, or boiling.

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