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Overcoming challenges to recruiting mothers for family violence research

This study examines the recruitment challenges and strategies in recruiting mothers for research on family violence. It provides insights into the steps to participation, recruitment considerations for vulnerable populations, and case studies on supporting mother-infant relationships affected by violence. The study also highlights strategies at individual, mediator, and macro levels to address recruitment barriers and build relationships with the community.

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Overcoming challenges to recruiting mothers for family violence research

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  1. Overcoming challenges to recruiting mothers for family violence research Katie Young, MPhil Linda Duffet-Leger, MN RN Nicole Letourneau, PhD RN November 2007

  2. Acknowledgements • Academic Team Members: Kimberly Critchley, Carmen Gill, Jean Hughes, Nicole Letourneau, Loretta Secco, Miriam Stewart, and Doug Willms, • Community Team Members: Anne Darrah, Jeff denOtter, Shannon Edgett, Steven Fletcher, Julie Gallant, Elizabeth Godbout, Tammy Kitchen, Claudette Landry, Liz Lautard, Amanda Lawson, Christine LeBlanc, Janet McGeachy, Annette Richard, and Elaine Stewart • Funders: Canadian Institute for Health Research (CIHR), Peter Lougheed Foundation

  3. Overview • Research recruitment • Recruiting vulnerable populations • Case study: • Recruitment challenges • Recruitment strategies

  4. Research Recruitment • Steps to participation • Awareness of research • Recognizing eligibility criteria • Motivation • Time and resources to participate

  5. Recruiting Vulnerable Populations • Recruitment considerations • Other research with the population • Population size • Potential effects of recruitment delays on research outcomes • Significance of research to the populations and society

  6. Recruiting Vulnerable Populations • Recruitment considerations • What population specific barriers are there to participation? • Will the research affect the population’s vulnerability? • How can the researchers be sure not to be coercive?

  7. Case Study The Mothering Study: Supporting mother-infant relationships affected by violence

  8. Mothering Study 90 Maritime mothers who: • Had an infant while in a violent relationship • Have left the violent partner • Whose child is still 3 or under

  9. Levels of Recruitment Micro (individual): personal circumstance and belief factors Mediator: gate-keepers, front-line workers Macro : systems, culture, social structure Levkoff and Sanchez (2003). Lessons learned about minority recruitment and retention from the centres on minority aging and health promotion. The Gerontologist, 43(1): pp. 18-44.

  10. Resource limitations (time, transportation, child care) Perceived burden of research Compensation versus inducement Trust Safety Location Child protection and custody concerns Isolation Stigma Damaged self-esteem Time-frame Individual Level: Challenges

  11. Individual Level: Strategies • Provide child care and honoraria • Be flexible about interview times and locations • Assure participants’ confidentiality • Make special arrangements for confidentiality concerns • Talk openly about safety concerns • Provide relevant information • Discreet advertisement

  12. Individual Level: Strategies • Wide advertizing efforts • Provide participants a way to help others • Provide participants relevant feedback or referral when desired • Make all contacts with participants validating and supportive • Take participants' concerns seriously • Be persistent when scheduling interviews with mothers • Use non-stigmatizing language

  13. Mediator Level: Challenges • Distrust/excessive gatekeeping • Negative past experiences or perceptions of research • Misplaced good intentions (protective of population)

  14. Mediator Level: Strategies • Community presence • Newspaper and radio stories • In-service presentations and discussion • Articles in targeted publications • Follow-up calls with community members • Communicate protocols and researcher qualifications

  15. Macro Level: Challenges • Representations of the population • Perceived value of research to the population and larger community • Resource constraints • Relationships with population • Power relationships • Fragmented systems

  16. Macro Level: Strategies • Communicate with relevant organizations pre-mid- and post research • Work with community members • Sensitivity to social norms and community values • Ensure value-added to community members • Have reasonable expectations of community members • Community-based research strategies

  17. Key points • There is overlap between strategies • Approaches should take all levels into consideration • Plan carefully in advance and budget appropriately • Relationship building • Build on relationships through a program of research

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